Functions of the Immune System | Dengue Fever Immunity

Functions of the Immune System | Dengue Fever Immunity The function of the immune system is to keep contagious microorganisms, such as definite bacteria, viruses and fungi, out of the body, and to demolish any infectious microorganisms that do attack the body. The immune system is completed by a complex and imperative network of cells and organs that guard the body from infection (1). The organs of the immune system are called the lymphoid organs, which have an effect on growth, development, and the free of lymphocytes (a confident type of white blood cell) (2). The lymphatic vessels and blood vessels are main parts of the lymphoid organs, because they transmit the lymphocytes to different areas in the body and from different areas in the body. All lymphoid organs play a task in the making and also activation of lymphocytes. Layered Defense Organisms are protected by the immune system from infections with layered defenses of rising specificity. If these barriers were breached a pathogen, the innate immune system provides an immediate, but non-specific reaction. All plants and animals have Innate immune systems (3). If pathogens effectively evade the innate response, vertebrates have a third layer of protection, the adaptive immune system. The innate response activates the adaptive immune system. Surface Barriers The body of the human continuously faces attack from foreign invaders that can cause disease and infection. These invaders sort from living microbes , such as fungi, bacteria, parasites, and viruses, to dead toxins, drugs, and chemicals. As our luck, the body has many internal and external defenses that avoid most dangerous attackers from entering and causing damages. The physical layers that stay them at inlet commonly are referred to as the bodys 1st line of defense. The largest body organ is skin; is presents both a physical and also a chemical barrier against the outer environment. The skin makes a defensive cover that completely encloses around the body, shielding blood vessels, muscles, nerves, bones and organs. When tears or cuts in the outer surface of the skin, present an opening for infective organisms, glands under the skin, produce an enzyme that helps to destroy bacteria (4). Although areas of the body not covered with skin, do not unprotected. Mucous membranes, the wet layer of the respiratory system. They produce mucus, a sultry substance that catches irritants that enter through the nose. Innate immune system The cells that mediate immunity embody neutrophils, macrophages, and natural killer (NK) cells, giant lymphocytes that are not T cells but are cytotoxic. all these cells answer macromolecule and saccharide sequences distinctive to microorganism cell walls and to alternative substances characteristic of growth and transplant cells. They exert their effects by means of the complement and alternative systems, with the cells they attack oftentimes dying by osmotic lysis or cell death (5). Their cytokines also activate cells of the nonheritable immune system. a vital link in immunity in Drosophila melanogaster is a receptor supermolecule named toll, that binds plant life antigens and triggers activation of genes cryptography for antifungal proteins (6). Humeral and Chemical Barriers Some microbes penetrate the bodys protecting barriers and enter the interior tissues. There they encounter a variety of chemical substances which will stop their growth. These substances embody chemicals whose protecting effects are related to their primary perform within the body, chemicals whose principal perform is to harm or destroy invaders, and chemicals made by present bacterium (7). Inflammation Inflammation is one in every of the primary responses of the immune system to infection. The symptoms of inflammation are redness, swelling, heat, and pain, that are caused by augmented blood flow into tissue. Inflammation is made by eicosanoids and cytokines, that are released by livid or infected cells (6). Eicosanoids embody prostaglandins that manufacture fever and the dilation of blood vessels associated with inflammation, and leukotrienes that attract bound white blood cells (leukocytes). Common cytokines embody interleukins that are chargeable for communication between white blood cells; chemokines that promote chemo taxis; and interferons that have anti-viral effects, like motion down supermolecule synthesis within the host cell. Growth factors and cytotoxic factors may additionally be released (7). These cytokines and alternative chemicals recruit immune cells to the site of infection and promote healing of any broken tissue following the removal of pathogens. Complement System The complement system is a organic chemistry cascade that attacks the surfaces of foreign cells. It contains over twenty completely different proteins and is called for its ability to complement the killing of pathogens by antibodies. Complement is that the major humeral element of the innate response. several species have complement systems, as well as non-mammals like plants, fish, and some invertebrates (8),(9). Cellular Barriers Leukocytes (white blood cells) act like independent, acellular organisms and are the second arm of the innate immune system. The innate leukocytes embody the phagocytes (macrophages, neutrophils, and nerve fibre cells), mast cells, eosinophils, basophiles, and natural killer T cells. These cells identify and eliminate pathogens, either by attacking larger pathogens through contact or by engulfing so killing micro organisms (10). Adaptive immune system Lymphocytes are available in 2 major types: B cells and T cells. The peripheral blood contains 20-50% of current humorocytes; the rest move within the lymph system. Roughly eightieth of them are T cells, V-day B cells and remainder are null or undifferentiated cells. Lymphocytes constitute 20-40% of the bodys WBCs (6). Their total mass is concerning an equivalent as that of the brain or liver. (Heavy stuff ) B cells are made within the stem cells of the bone marrow; they manufacture protein and superintend humeral immunity. T cells are non antibody-producing lymphocytes that are also made within the bone marrow but hypersensitised within the thymus and constitute the idea of cell-mediated immunity. the assembly of these cells is diagrammed below. parts of the immune system are changeable and may adapt to raised attack the invasive matter (11). There are 2 fundamental adaptive mechanisms: cell-mediated immunity and humeral immunity. Lymphocytes A white blood cell is a style of white corpuscle present within the blood. White blood cells help defend the body against diseases and fight infections. when the overall defense systems of the body have been penetrated by dangerous invasive microorganisms, lymphocytes help give a particular response to attack the invasive organisms (12). Killer T cells A large differentiated t cell that functions in cell-mediated immunity by attacking and essential amino acid target cells that have specific surface antigens (6). also known as cytotoxic t cell, killer cell. Helper T cells Any of varied T cells that, when stirred up by a particular matter, unharness lymphokines that promote the activation and function of B cells and killer T cells (13). B Lymphocytes and Antibodies A b cell identifies pathogens when antibodies on its surface bind to a particular foreign matter. This antigen/antibody advanced is preoccupied by the b cell and processed by chemical process into peptides. The b cell then displays these substance peptides on its surface MHC category II molecules (14). this combination of MHC and matter attracts a matching helper t cell, that releases lymphokines and activates the b cell. because the activated b cell then begins to divide, its offspring (plasma cells) secrete scores of copies of the protein that recognizes this matter (12). different adaptive immune system The alternative adaptive immune systems in vertebrates have several similarities, but dissent therein Lucien-rich-repeat (LRR)-based variable white blood cell (VLR) receptors are employed by bone vertebrates versus the Ig-based TCR and BCR employed by jawed vertebrates. bone vertebrates have 2 VLR sorts, VLRA and VLRB, the various repertoires of that are expressed by separate lymphocytes populations (15). Immunological Memory the capability of the bodys immune system to recollect AN encounter with AN matter owing to the activation of B cells or T cells having specificity for the matter and to react more swiftly to the matter by means that of these activated cells during a later encounter (6). Passive memory Newborn infants have no prior exposure to microbes and are particularly prone to infection. many layers of passive protection are provided by the mother. throughout pregnancy, a selected style of protein, called IgG, is transported from mother to baby directly across the placenta, so human babies have high levels of antibodies even at birth, with an equivalent vary of matter specificities as their mother. Breast milk or colostrums also contains antibodies that are transferred to the gut of the baby and defend against microorganism infections until the newborn can synthesize its own antibodies (16). Active memory Long-term active memory is nonheritable following infection by activation of B and T cells. active immunity also can be generated by artificial means, through vaccination. The principle behind vaccination (also known as immunization) is to introduce AN matter from a microorganism in order to stimulate the immune system and develop specific immunity against that specific microorganism while not inflicting malady associated with that organism (17). Disorders of Human Immunity Some of the most devastating disorders which will affect the humanity are those that attack the very weaponry weve got against diseases, our immune system (7). These disorders can vary in severity from inflicting small rashes or a stuffy nose, to attacking important organs throughout the body, inflicting death. they can also come back from a variety of sources from the genetic passing down of traits, to infection from a malady. These immune system disorders comprise four categories: immunodeficiency, autoimmune, allergic and cancer. Immunodeficiency An immunodeficiency disorder is one in every of the many disorders that attack the immune system. In these disorders the immune system has problems that cause the system to not work correctly. again and again this can be owing to a genetic trait or congenital disorder (6). the most common immunodeficiency disorders are severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID), also known as bubble boy disorder, Di St. George syndrome, and ig A deficiency (18). Motor vehicle Immunity Autoimmune disorders attack the immune system by tricking the body into thinking its own organs are foreign invaders. when this happens, the phagocytes and lymphocytes activate healthy tissues and organs and destroy them. Common autoimmune diseases are lupus, scleroderma, juvenile dermatomyositis and juvenile rheumatism. The severity of AN disease can vary dramatically (19). Some could only cause localized swelling and inflammation by attacking the tissue within the joints, while others could cause death by attacking important organs. Hypersensitivity Hypersensitivity refers to excessive, undesirable (damaging, discomfort-producing and sometimes fatal) reactions made by the traditional immune system. Hypersensitivity reactions need a pre-sensitized (immune) state of the host. Hypersensitivity reactions is divided into four sorts: type I, type II, sort III and kind IV, based on the mechanisms involved and time taken for the reaction (20). Physiological Regulation Hormones can act as immunomodulators, sterilisation the sensitivity of the immune system. as an example, female sex hormones are famous immunostimulators of both adaptive and innate immune responses. Some autoimmune diseases like autoimmune disease strike women preferentially, and their onset typically coincides with pubescence. in contrast, male sex hormones like testosterone seem to be immunosuppressive. alternative hormones appear to control the immune system yet, most notably luteotropin, endocrine and alimentation (21),(22). Manipulation in medication The response is manipulated to suppress unwanted responses ensuing from autoimmunity, allergy, and transplant rejection, and to stimulate protecting responses against pathogens that mostly elude the immune system (see immunization). immunosuppressive drugs are used to control autoimmune disorders or inflammation when excessive tissue harm occurs, ANd to stop transplant rejection once an transplantation. anti-inflammatory drug drugs are typically used to control the effects of inflammation. Glucocorticoids are the most powerful of these drugs; but, these drugs can have several undesirable facet effects, like central obesity, symptom, osteoporosis, and their use should be tightly controlled (23). Lower doses of anti-inflammatory drug drugs are typically used in conjunction with cytotoxic or immunosuppressive drugs such asmethotrexate or Imuran. Cytotoxic drugs inhibit the response by killing dividing cells like activated T cells. However, the killing is indiscriminate and alternative p erpetually dividing cells and their organs are affected, that causes harmful facet effects. immunosuppressive drugs like cyclosporine stop T cells from responding to signals correctly by inhibiting signal transduction pathways (24). What is dengue fever? Dengue fever is a malady caused by a family of viruses that are transmitted by mosquitoes. its AN acute malady of sudden onset that typically follows a benign course with symptoms like headache, fever, exhaustion, severe muscle and joint pain, swollen glands , and rash. Signs and Symptoms Many folks, especially kids and teenagers, could expertise no signs or symptoms throughout a mild case of dengue fever. when symptoms do occur, they usually begin four to ten days once the person is bitten by AN infected dipteron (25). Signs and symptoms of dengue fever most typically include: Fever, up to 106 F (41 C) Headaches Muscle, bone and joint pain Pain behind your eyes You might also experience: Widespread rash Nausea and puking Minor trauma from your gums or nose Most people recover within per week or so. In some cases, however, symptoms worsen and may become grievous. Blood vessels typically become broken and leaky, and the number of clot-forming cells in your bloodstream falls (25). this will cause: Bleeding from the nose and mouth Severe abdominal pain Persistent puking Bleeding under the skin, which can appear as if bruising? Problems along with your lungs, liver and heart Clinical Course The characteristic symptoms of breakbone fever are sudden-onset fever, headache (typically situated behind the eyes), muscle and joint pains, and a rash (25). The alternative name for breakbone fever, break-bone fever, comes from the associated muscle and joint pains. The course of infection is split into 3 phases: febrile , critical, and recovery. The febrile part involves high fever, typically over forty ÂÂ °C (104 ÂÂ °F), and is associated with generalized pain and a headache; this sometimes lasts 2 to seven days. At this stage, a rash occurs in 50-80% of those with symptoms. It occurs within the initial or second day of symptoms as flushed skin, or later within the course of malady (days 4-7), as a measles-like rash. Some petechiae (small red spots that do not disappear when the skin is pressed, that are caused by broken capillaries) can appear at this point, as could some gentle trauma from the secretion membranes of the mouth and nose. The fever itself is classically biphasic in nature, breaking so returning for one or 2 days, though there is wide variation in however typically this pattern truly happens (26). Causes Transmission Dengue virus is primarily transmitted by Aides mosquitoes, particularly A. aegypti. These mosquitoes sometimes live between the latitudes of 35ÂÂ ° North ANd 35ÂÂ ° South below an elevation of 1,000 metres (3,300 ft). They bite primarily throughout the day. alternative genus Aedes species that transmit the malady embody A. albopictus, A. polynesiensis and A. scutellaris. Humans are the primary host of the virus, but it also circulates in anthropoid primates. AN infection is nonheritable via a single bite (27). infectious agent Replication Once inside the skin, breakbone fever virus binds to Langerhans cells . The virus enters the cells through binding between infectious agent proteins and membrane proteins on the Langerhans cell, specifically the C-type lectins known as DC-SIGN, mannose receptor and CLEC5A. DC-SIGN, a non-specific receptor for foreign material on nerve fibre cells, seems to be the main purpose of entry. The nerve fibre cell moves to the nearest node (28). Meanwhile, the virus ordination is replicated in membrane-bound vesicles on the cells endoplasmic reticulum, wherever the cells supermolecule synthesis equipment produces new infectious agent proteins, and the infectious agent RNA is traced (26). Severe malady It is not entirely clear why secondary infection with a unique strain of breakbone fever virus places folks at risk of breakbone fever hemorrhagic fever and breakbone fever shock syndrome. the most wide accepted hypothesis is that of antibody-dependent enhancement (ADE). the exact mechanism behind ade is unclear. it may be caused by poor binding of non-neutralizing antibodies and delivery into the incorrect compartment of white blood cells that have eaten the virus for destruction. there is a suspicion that ade is not the only mechanism underlying severe dengue-related complications, and various lines of analysis have implied a role for T cells and soluble factors like cytokines and the complement system (25). Diagnosis Diagnosing dengue fever is tough, as a result of its signs and symptoms is easily confused with those of alternative diseases like malaria, swamp fever and enteric fever. Your doctor can seemingly raise concerning your medical and travel history. make sure to explain international visits thoroughly, as well as the countries you visited and the dates, yet as any contact you will have had with mosquitoes. bound laboratory tests can observe proof of the breakbone fever viruses, but test results sometimes come too late to assist direct treatment selections . (25),(27) Classification The World Health Organizations 2009 classification divides dengue fever into 2 groups: uncomplicated and severe. The 1997 classification divided breakbone fever into undifferentiated fever, dengue fever, and breakbone fever hemorrhagic fever. breakbone fever hemorrhagic fever was divided additional into grades I-IV. Grade I is that the presence only of easy bruising or a positive bandage test in someone with fever, grade II is that the presence of spontaneous trauma into the skin et al, grade III is that the clinical proof of shock, and grade IV is shock so severe that pressure and pulse cannot be detected. Grades III and IV are noted as dengue shock syndrome (27). Prevention All control efforts ought to be directed against the mosquitoes. its important to take control measures to eliminate the mosquitoes and their breeding places. Efforts ought to be intense before the transmission season and through epidemics (25),(27). (1) stop dipteron bites: (a) breakbone fever Mosquitoes Bite throughout the Daytime defend Yourself from the Bite (b) Wear full-sleeve clothes and long dresses to cover the limbs. (c) Use repellents care ought to be taken in victimisation repellents on young kids and elders. (d) Use dipteron coils and electrical vapor mats throughout the daytime to stop breakbone fever. (e) Use dipteron nets to safeguard babies, old folks et al who could rest throughout the day. The effectiveness of such nets is improved by treating them with permethrin. Curtains also can be treated with insecticide and decorated at windows or doorways, to repel or kill mosquitoes. (f) Break the cycle of mosquito-human-mosquito infection. Mosquitoes become infected once they bite people that are sick with breakbone fever. dipteron nets and dipteron coils can effectively stop more mosquitoes from biting sick folks and help stop the spread of breakbone fever. (2) stop the multiplication of mosquitoes: Mosquitoes that spread breakbone fever live and breed in stagnant water in and around houses. (a) Drain out the water from desert/window air coolers (when not in use), tanks, barrels, drums, buckets, etc. (b) remove all objects containing water (e.g. plant saucers, etc.) from the house. (c) All stored water containers ought to be unbroken lined in any respect times. (d) Collect and destroy discarded containers within which water collects, Treatment There arent any specific treatments for dengue fever. Treatment depends on the symptoms, variable from oral rehydration therapy reception with shut follow-up, to hospital admission with administration of intravenous fluids and/or insertion. a decision for hospital admission is often based on the presence of the warning signs listed within the table on top of, especially in those with preexisting health conditions (27),(29). Conclusion Three immune parts interact to provide a confluence of symptoms that outline DHF/DSS. breakbone fever virus initially infects immature nerve fibre cells through the mediation of DC-SIGN. Infected nerve fibre cells contribute to pathological process through production of metalloproteases and cytokines (30). Downstream of nerve fibre cells T-cells become activated and generate the very cytokines concerned in tube-shaped structure leak and shock in addition to activating soul cells. protein enhancement is mediated by Fc receptors that are conspicuously on mature nerve fibre cells. infectious agent replication mediated by antibodies is increased 100-fold. in addition their effects on breakbone fever replication, antibodies to infectious agent epitopes cross react with cell a supermolecule that has the result of stimulating CD8 soul cells and production of cytokines and anaphylatoxins. Anaphylatoxins is generated directly through infectious agent proteins or through formation of AN antibo dy-complement advanced. Anaphylatoxins in turn can alter the reactivity of T-cells.

Extra Classes

Extra classes a waste of time and resources SOME schools extend schooling time to hold extra classes. The schools think that this will guarantee straight A’s students. I do not think so. After-school hours are for students to play games, join some social events or other beneficial activities. And the school holiday is a very crucial time for students because they can rest and indulge in their favourite pastimes like reading, playing outdoor games, travelling, etc, which they would not otherwise have the time for. All these activities are beneficial to them as they are in their growing years.Malaysia is a tropical country with a hot and humid climate and it is not conducive for students and teachers alike to study and teach in the hot afternoon. Extra classes are normally an extension of school hours, which make it very uncomfortable, and coupled with their tiredness make these lessons a waste of time and resources for both teachers and students. One thing about extra classes i s that control and supervision by the school authorities tend to be lax. And because of this, students often flout school rules by playing truant and bringing mobile phones to class.This then defeats the whole purpose of having tuition classes! So why have tuition classes? It is a waste of time and resources to parents and the school authorities, not to mention the desired end-results. Students should be committed to their studies when in school. Schools should develop each student’s talents according to his or her potential. That will effectively nurture students. Extra classes burdening and unnecessary? EF International Academy www. ef. com/academy More parents are sending their children, aged between 7 and 10, for private tuition.They cite competitive school environment, crowded classrooms and changing standards of language as reasons. But there are also perceptions that extra tuition places unnecessary stress on the child, writes Rozanna Latiff SHARON Lieu, a 36-year-old mother of three, sends her eldest daughter, aged 8, for Mathematics and English tuition twice a week. Even though Lieu does not believe that primary school children should be attending tuition classes, her daughter's struggle to catch up with her classmates had forced the matter. â€Å"In school, her class is so big that the teachers don't have time to help the few who cannot follow the lessons. Some have even told the students, ‘Ask your tuition teacher' when the child says they can't understand. † Lieu said she had little time to teach her daughter on her own as she was often busy with work and taking care of her younger children. â€Å"I wish that I did not have to send her for tuition, but it is the only way she will be able to keep up. â€Å"I think many parents feel the same way, especially as schools have become more competitive. † School authorities and parent groups generally agree that sending children under 10 years old for private tuition was unneces sary.Some, such as the National Collaborative Parent-Teacher Associations of Malaysia president Associate Prof Datuk Dr Mohd Ali Hasan, believe that sending pupils for tuition too early could even be detrimental to their social development. â€Å"Children should be allowed time to play and learn at their own pace. â€Å"Putting too much pressure on them to succeed academically at an early age means that there will be less time for them to learn to socialise or communicate effectively with others. â€Å"Stress can also affect them emotionally. â€Å"Ali said the most important part of early education was learning the basic skills of reading, writing and counting, which weaker students can master under the education ministry's learning and numeracy (Linus) remedial programme. He said tuition should be a measure of last resort when the student is truly struggling with schoolwork. â€Å"It is crucial that they learn to read and count by Year Three. â€Å"But apart from that, paren ts should just let children be children. † Nevertheless, the Education Ministry believes that there is little to stop parents from sending their children to tuition outside school hours. Ultimately, it is the parents choice. â€Å"I'm not saying it is healthy, but parents just want the best for their children. â€Å"If they believe tuition is the way to go, then there is nothing to stop them,† deputy education minister Dr Puad Zarkashi said. Puad, however, remained sceptical on whether private tuition centres offered the best education for children. â€Å"The best kind of tuition allows the child to study one-on-one with the teacher. â€Å"But most centres usually have several students to one teacher. Some centres even crowd up to 40 students in one class. So, I don't believe they make much of a difference.Read more: Extra classes burdening and unnecessary? – Top News – New Straits Times http://www. nst. com. my/top-news/extra-classes-burdening-and-unne cessary-1. 52841#ixzz2IFQypuPW [pic]About EF Founded in 1965, EF Education First is the world's largest private education company. We offer language education for students and professionals in more than 50 countries. [pic]EF Research Unit at University of Cambridge EF has established a Research Unit at the University of Cambridge Department of Theoretical and Applied Linguistics to collaborate on fundamentally improving the way students learn English. EF International AcademyAdmissions Office Haldenstrasse 4 Luzern 6006 Switzerland Tel: +41 41 417 46 31 [pic]EF International Academy in New York, Oxford and Torbay are IB world schools. [pic]The EF schools in London, Cambridge, Oxford, Manchester, Brighton and Bournemouth are accredited by the British Council. [pic]The EF school in Torbay is accredited by the British Accreditation Council for Independent Further and Higher Education [pic]The EF school in New York is a member of the American Association of Intensive English Programs. [ pic]EF International Academy schools are accredited by the University of Cambridge International Examinations Centre.

Sanjivani Medical Times

RNI NO. :DBLBIL/2001/4088 VOL 8, ISSUE 5, APRIL 2011 A Star Media Group Publication INDIA’S AYUSH AND HEALTH TOURISM JOURNAL SKIN LASERS Central Council for Research in Yoga & Naturopathy (CCRYN) (Deptt. Of AYUSH, Min. of Health & F. W. , Govt. of India) 61-65, Institutional Area, , Janakpuri, NEW DELHI – 110 058 Tel: 011-28520430, 31, 32; Fax: 28520435 E-mail: ccryn. [email  protected] com Website: www. ccryn. org CCRYN is actively engaged in Research, Development, Promotion, Propagation, Education, Training, Publication etc. Grant-in-aid for Clinical and Literary Research 1 100% Grant-in-aid is given to Yoga & Naturopathy Institutes for conducting research. 2 Grant is provided for translation, publication of ancient Yoga texts and other standard literature based on modern scientific research. Grant-in-aid for TCPC and PCC 3 More than 140 Yoga & Naturopathy Hospitals all over India including remote areas and North Eastern Region are given grant under Treatment-cum-Propagation Centre (30 Bed Hospital – Rs. 9. 00 lakh P. A. ) and Patient Care Centre (20 & 10 Bed Hospitals – Rs. . 00 lakh & Rs. 3. 00 lakh P. A. ) Central Research Institute (CRI) 4 Free land has been taken over from the Government of Karnataka and Haryana for 100 Beds Research Hospital and construction is under progress. Free land of 10 to 20 Acres is being allotted by Govt. of Manipur, Orissa, Assam, Tamil Nadu, and Jharkhand. National Campaign on Yoga & Naturopathy for Holistic Health being conducted all over India. Publicatio ns 1 2 3 4 5 12 Research Monographs since 2005. CDs on Naturopathy & Yoga Therapy in Hindi, English and Tamil. 8 books in Hindi & English. More than 30 brochures, leaflets and booklets in Hindi and English for free distribution. Yogic Prakritik Jeevan, quarterly magazine, in English and Hindi. Yoga & Naturopathy OPDs since 2005 1. 2. 3. 4. Safdarjung Hospital, New Delhi RML Hospital, New Delhi Lady Hardinge Medical College, New Delhi University College of Medical Sciences, New Delhi Fellowship for Ph. D. Scholars since 2006 at Rs. 6,000/- P. M. for 3 years. Yoga Fitness Classes at Delhi-12: 1 Headquarters – 6, Udyog Bhawan – 2, AIIMS – 4 Paramedical Diploma in Naturopathy & Yoga Therapy (DNYT)–2 years from 2011 The yearly financial assistance for the course is Rs. 5. 00 Lakh. Scholarship to the BNYS (Bachelor of Naturopathy and Yogis Sciences) students from 2011: 1 Rs. 5000/- will be given to 110 students from the first year for pursuing the Course outside their State. Other Achievements: 1 The Council has organized several All India level Seminars/Workshops on Yoga & Naturopathy. 2 It is actively participating in various Arogyas and Health Melas. (Prof. Dr. B. T. Chidananda Murthy) Director NEWS ISSUES NEWS MEDICAL RESEARCH Ghulam Nabi Azad noted that the AYUSH systems of medicine are of great antiquity he Union Minister for Health and Family Welfare Shri Ghulam Nabi Azad chaired the meeting of Consultative Committee of Parliament attached to the Ministry of Health and Family Welfare in New Delhi to specifically discuss the activities of Department of AYUSH. Cutting across party lines the Consultative Committee members lauded the progress made by the Department of AYUSH in the short span of sixteen years since the inception of separate Department for Indian Systems of Medicines and Homeopathy in 1995. Sh Ghulam Nabi Azad noted that the AYUSH systems of medicine are of great antiquity and the Department has been making significant strides in providing an enabling environment to develop these systems with its infrastructure of National Institutes, Research Councils, Pharmacopoeial Laboratories, the Public Sector Undertaking of Indian Medicines Pharmaceutical T Secretary, Department of AYUSH Anil Kumar drew the attention of the members to the new initiatives taken by the Department in the XIth Plan Union Minister for Health and Family Welfare Shri Ghulam Nabi Azad Mauritius Patient at Eye – Q for Lasik Eye Surgery Dr. Vibhuti Sharan MBBS, MS (Ophthalmology) Corporation Limited as also the National Medicinal Plants Board. The Minister highlighted that mainstreaming of AYUSH systems has become a successful strategy in the National Rural Health Mission. He also elaborated on the efforts made by the Department towards ensuring quality control of drugs. The Minister however pointed out the acute shortage of doctors in rural areas and elicited views of the Members in itigating the situation by utilizing the AYUSH doctors to fill the felt need at grass root levels. The Consultative Committee members shared the concern of the Department over some key issues like low capacity reflected in vacancies; pending Utilisation Certificates from States; weak drug enforcement machinery; collaborative research and building quality – drugs, therapies, hospitals, laboratories, teaching colleges. The Members requested the Health Minister to ensure empl oyment and utilization of trained manpower of AYUSH. e-Q, symbol of excellence in eye care and largest chain of super specialty eye clinics across Northern India today executed a special Lasik eye surgery for three patients of the same family who had specially flown down from Mauritius to receive the treatment. Speaking about his Lasik surgery at Eye-Q, Mr. Patoo Jor Roshan said â€Å"I have particularly travelled to India to get my Lasik eye surgery done. I was referred to Eye-Q by a friend who underwent Lasik eye treatment to correct poor eyesight at Eye-Q and has experienced remarkable difference. † E Devi Shetty Targets Medical Tourism In Cayman Isles FIRST TIME IN THE WORLD Without operation Cure Cataract, Glaucoma, Myopia, Hypermetropia & incurable eye diseases of Retina (Diabetic Retinopathy, Macular Degeneration, Retinitis Pigmentosa, Colour blindness) & different types of eye cancer. Inventor : Em. Prof. Dr. M. S. Basu Senior Ayurvedic Eye Specialist International & National Awardee Dr. Basu with H. E. President, Ex-vice President, Home Minister of State, GOI, Ex-Health Minister, GOI, Ex-Chief Minster, U. P. , Ex-Petrolem Minster, GOI. ‘Minimal Invasive RoboticHeart Surgery NOW ! FIRST TIME IN THE WORLD†¦ Emeritus Prof. Dr. M. S. Basu adds a new chapter in Medical Science by curing Retinoblastoma patient successfully Patients of poor vision, referred by AIIMS-Delhi, Shankaralaya Netralaya-Chennai, Gandhi Eye Hosp. , Aligarh etc. have been cured successfully. Spectacles get removed up to +8. 50 No side effects Recovery of vision within 5 minutes EXPORT COUNCIL PATENTED BY PATENTED BY GOVT. OF INDIA W. T. O. EXPORT LIC. OF GOVT. OF INDIA TM REGN. FROM GOVT. OF INDIA S. S. I. REGD. GOVT. OF U. P. G. M. P. CERTIFIED ISO 9001:2000 For Franchises, only BAMS, BUMS, DHMS,MBBS, & Qualified Optician may be contact Dr. Basu Eye Hospital & Centre to Cure Without Operation 23-B, Ekta Nagar, Bareilly (U. P. ) India. Ph. +91 9997722223, +91 98370 06102, +91 93196 23728 EW DELHI: Safemedtrip has unveiled latest and state of the art ‘Minimal Invasive Robotic Heart Surgery Programme' in the country. This programme will be helpful to the patients, who are suffering from Heart Disease as they will be benefiting from its ‘Minimally Invasive Robotic Heart Surgery Programme' with its latest advances in heart surgery techniques. Robotic Heart Surgery programme is quite affordable at Safemedtrip affiliated hospitals. N NEWS ISSUES Pregnant lady doctors forced to work at AIIMS NEWS PRODUCT LAUNCH country's biggest medical institute, and fighting for our basic rights,† said a senior resident from the Neurosurgery Department on the condition of anonymity. â€Å"We have been using our other unpaid leaves as we are not getting the maternity leaves which are paid leaves. I reach office at 8 in the morning and work till 6 in the evening, and sometimes we have night duty too. This behaviour is completely inhuman,† said another lady doctor from Gynaecology Department on the condition of anonymity. Due to the confounding behaviour of the administration, few of the residents have already left the institute and their job with it, as it was getting impossible for them to work at this stage of pregnancy. â€Å"Two ladies joined last month on a regular basis and wanted maternity leave and the institute is creating hassles. Despite the DGHS order we could get 2+2 (or 3+1) months (unpaid and paid) maternity leave till January this year for most residents. The problem has assumed serious proportions now with recent hassles by AIIMS administration,† said Dr Debjyoti Karmakar, President, Residents Doctor Association (RDA) Sonakshi Sinha New brand ambassador for Fem bout 40 senior resident doctors, who are pregnant, forced to continue with their duties as the administration allegedly isn't allowing them any time off Among other things, AIIMS is also renowned for its pregnancy care. But that only benefits the patients. It appears that the institute is rather callous when dealing with maternity issues of its own employees. At least 42 senior resident doctors who are pregnant are currently working in various departments of the institute. â€Å"I am coming to the hospital even in the 37th week of my pregnancy. We had applied for leave months ago, but the administration is not responding. At this point of pregnancy, all women are asked to take complete bed rest. But here, we are working in the A n the occasion of 100th International Women's Day, Fem, the leading & most trusted beauty brand from the House of Dabur, announced the signing of Bollywood heartthrob Sonakshi Sinha as the new brand ambassador for the brand FEM. The agreement was signed on Tuesday by Ms Sonakshi Sinha and Dabur India Ltd Chief Executive Officer Mr. Sunil Duggal. The first campaign for Fem bleaches featuring Ms Sinha will be launched shortly. O

English Story Group Pressure Essay - 728 Words

Kelly Donovan Professor Correa English 101 October 2, 2012 Compare and Contrast If someone asked you to jump off a bridge with two of your friends, would you do it? Peer pressure is defined by social pressure from members of ones peer group to take a certain action, adopt certain values, or otherwise conform in order to be accepted. There are many types of peer pressure; a common one is group pressure. Drunk driving is defined as operating a motor vehicle after consuming alcohol. This is often caused by stupidity or even peer pressure. Your peers influence you a lot in a negative or positive way. In these two short stories by Rodney Stark and Theresa Conroy the characters fall under peer pressure, which leads to both a negative and†¦show more content†¦So many thoughts going through ones head. In this experiment the subject decides to stick to their answer, and your correct. Its better to be a leader than a follower. Not only can peer pressure be affected in situations like this, it can also be a cause of something much more dangerous such as drinking and driving. The short story A Drunken Ride, a Tragic Aftermath by Theresa Conroy and Christine M. Johnson is another example of peer pressure. This short story was about a group of high school boys that just graduated going to an after party that involved underage drinking. Going to this party these boys had plans on getting intoxicated but no plans on getting home. As the party went on these four boys decided they got bored half way through and wanted something to eat, so they convinced their friend that drove to go and get food even though he had been drinking. He knew it was a bad idea but he didn’t want to let down his friends. With all the bribing that was being done by his friends he finally cave in. The outcome of this situation was these four boys didn’t make it to their destination, on their way there they got into a car accident leading to all but ones death. With all being said, you should never fall for peer pressure, if you know something is wrong why do it and get yourself into trouble? There are always consequences that will be faced with wrong doings. Peer pressure is so complex, yet fundamental toShow MoreRelatedAnalysis Of The Narrative The Twelve By Sandra Cisneros930 Words   |  4 PagesResponse Two In the duration of this English class we have read multiple essays. The essays include a short story, â€Å"Eleven† by Sandra Cisneros whose main idea is that there is not a correlation between age and emotional evolution. â€Å"College Pressures† by William Zinsser argues that college students are under excessive stress to plan their future and succeed. 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