Whispered High School Senior Essay Samples Secrets

Whispered High School Senior Essay Samples Secrets What Is So Fascinating About High School Senior Essay Samples? Utilizing reliable sources for research is critical. When you have picked a topic, conduct research. Researchers will interpret the evaluated data that is going to be the basis in the results of the analysis. Also, do not forget that you'll have to offer some factual evidence for your opinion (after all, any academic paper needs to be supported by academically recognized sources), thus do not go for subjects which are purely opinionated and don't have any possibility of justification. In some instances, companies supply you with just a part of a Sample essay. Finally, the business needs to be legitimate in order to offer research paper writing services. Most companies provide research paper writing services late as they don't have the proper system. There are respective companies offering research paper writing services. It's simple to point out an essay which has been written solely for the interest of it. It's essential to upgrade your essay writing skills. Writing a high school essay if you've got the tips about how to do essay effectively. An essay was defined in an assortment of means. You may also have scholarship offers. It's possible to obtain just about any Sample essay online for unique subjects. You are likely to be offered an essay on just about any subject for a specific price. Sample high school essays incorporate a distinctive analysis section that examines the standard of. If you own a child with a disability, be certain to incorporate that information as you write, as it may enhance the likelihood of getting some sort of assistance. High SAT scores will boost your odds of securing admission. There are a number of ways to obtain new info. Whatever topic you've got to write about, it is very important to consider whether there is sufficient information available and whether it is possible to provide adequate insight into the subject. A massive proportion of students are not able to write excellent research papers. SAT is taken by high school students wishing to pursue higher education in the United States. Evaluating personal statement essay is crucial to your very own high school education. So, the organization should have the correct support group and system. If you are worried about school or college essay submission, see some on-line websites and see for the best yet reasonably priced providers and find the best essays written on any topics and score best. High school students are needed to compose essays on a number of topics which at first may appear to have nothing in common. From the outcome of the examinations, the teachers and planners of the curriculum will be in a position to estimate the degree to which the students have acquired the wisdom and skills of the program material. High school is supposed to be four unforgettable decades. Samson schools aren't closing early today. You have to find the most suitable resources for your essay along with patience when finding the proper inspiration to write. Everyone would like to understand what goes on in different peoples' lives. Pay attention initially to the experience you've got. The idea of life gets clear here and the students receive a glimpse of the way the actual world works. Even in the event that you take a notion from this kind of essay, make certain you produce that idea in your words and cite some appropriate source. Immediately help it become clear what type of story yours is. Bridget's essay is extremely strong, but there continue to be a couple little things that could be made better. Stephen's essay is quite effective.

Radon Essay - 1569 Words

Radon Radon is a naturally occurring radioactive element that can be found in soil, underground water, and outdoor air. Some of the properties of this gas include being odorless, tasteless, and colorless. The concentrations vary throughout the country depending on the types of rocks that are found in the soil. Exposure over prolonged periods of time to radon decay products has been associated with an increased risk of lung cancer.(3) The EPA describes an elevated concentration as being at or above their suggested guidelines of 4pCi/l (pico Curies per liter, used as a radiation unit of measure for radon). Exposures below this level may create a risk of lung cancer, farther reductions to lower levels may be too difficult†¦show more content†¦Uranium and its by products of decay, namely radon are abundant and are constantly being generated.(13) Radon is capable of easily traveling through rocks and soil.(14) The gas is also found dissolved in water, due to decay in the soil or rock below.(15) Radon in Water The risk from radon in water is much lower than the risk from radon in air. This is because the water must be heated or agitated to release the gas. This can happen in a shower, boiling water on a stove, or by using a washing machine. Most public water supplies dont present a radon risk, this is because the water is aerated at the treatment site and the gas escapes into the atmosphere. Most water that contains hazardous amounts of radon comes from wells. Wells should be tested for radon if the building that they are supplying contains hazardous amounts in the air. The testing procedures for water are different from those used on air.(16) Water containing radon can usually be treated. The most effective treatment is to remove radon from the water before it enters the home, this is called point of entry treatment. Water can also be treated at the tap, this is known as point of use treatment. However this treatment is much less effective at removing the risk.(17) Radon Entry Radon travels through the ground and into the air, allowing the gas to easily enter buildings and homes.Show MoreRelatedRadioactive Material And Its Effects On Society1659 Words   |  7 Pagesabout its power and potency. Some proclaim its amazing power to heal, while others fear its strength and destructive nature. The paradox of these very differing views about what radon really is has caused controversy and many conflicts of opinions. Today, many people go and expose themselves to high levels of natural radon in caves. They claim it helps heal their pains and diseases that have mostly been untreatable by medicine. These caves have become greatly revered by their clients, but others seeRead MoreIndoor Air Quality ( Iaq )1466 Words   |  6 Pagesexacerbation of asthma, chronic lung disease and cancer in adults, and adverse pregnancy outcomes for women exposed during pregnancy. 2. Sources of Indoor Air Pollutants: The most important indoor air contaminants in developed countries are tobacco smoke, radon decay products, formaldehyde, asbestos fibres, combustion products (such as NOx, SOx, CO, carbon dioxide and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons), and other chemicals used in the household. Several microbiological air contaminants are also of importanceRead MoreNoble Gases: Properties of Each Element Essay1593 Words   |  7 Pagesand are chemical elements with similar properties. All of the noble gases have a full outer shell. None of them have color, odor, and all have very low chemical reactivity. There are six of them and they are Helium, neon, argon, krypton, xenon, and radon. Helium Helium has an atomic number of 2. It is has no color, no odor, or no taste. It is also an inert monatomic gas. It is the first of the noble gases on the periodic table. It’s melting and boiling points are the lowest among all elements and onlyRead MoreThe Danger of Randon1564 Words   |  6 PagesInconspicuous, yet lethal. Radon gas can be found deep within the earth’s crust all the way up to your home’s basement. It lurks in closed off spaces and can be detrimental when inhaled. Devices to detect and measure radon levels can be used to help monitor its presence, and methods to help alleviate abundant amounts can be put into effect to ensure the safety of your home and workplace.1 It all began back in the year 1900. German Physicist Friedrich Ernst Dorn discovered radon.2 It was thanks to theRead MoreQuestions On Uranium And Uranium1567 Words   |  7 Pagesearly stages of the industry. Nowadays, the industry has changed drastically and a lot more can be done to ensure that safety is a number one priority. 2 Safety issues The process of mining uranium releases radon into the atmosphere as well as other heavy metals if not properly managed. Radon is a colourless, tasteless gas and exposure to high levels can increase the chances of getting cancer. As a result, every country that has nuclear facilities, has regulations to ensure public land, air and waterRead MoreRadiation Is Natural Part Of The Earth1786 Words   |  8 PagesRadiation is natural part of the Earth. Radiation exists all around us, in the air, the soil, and rock. Humans have lived, and thrived in a radioactive environment since the beginning of time. Radon is one form of radiation, it’s odorless, tasteless, invisible, and it’s in the air we breathe. Cosmic radiation is in space as heavily charged particles and gamma rays. Terrestrial radiation is emitted naturally in the form of heat from the Earth. Then we have manmade radiation. In 1895 Roentgen discoveredRead MoreOptimization Of Radiation Spectroscopy Equipment For Airbo rne Radionuclides3515 Words   |  15 Pagessensitivity. It is therefore important to suppress background and maximize sensitivity in order to minimize the MDA. Non-cosmic background radiation over the oceans is predominantly É £-rays emitted from potassium-40 in the water and the decay products from radon gas. These have emissions outside of ~2 MeV (L. Jones, 2014) and so can be discriminated against through spectroscopy. The main sources of background radiation that can deposit energy in the detector at ~2 MeV are cosmic É £-rays, muons and neutronsRead MoreLung Cancer : Causes And Effects1329 Words   |  6 Pagescigarettes. The overall survival rate of those with lung cancer is at about fifteen percent. Causes of Lung Cancer: Lung cancer can be caused by multiple factors and many factors can work together to cause someone to have lung cancer. Besides smoking, radon, secondhand smoke, the environment and someone’s occupation can all cause lung cancer. As we already know smoking is the number one cause of lung cancer cases worldwide and over forty-three million people just in the United States smoke cigarettesRead MoreThoron Concentration Essay1112 Words   |  5 PagesThe results of experimentally determined values of indoor radon, thoron and their progeny concentrations observed in selected 127 dwellings of 47 villages sampled by single entry pin-holes based dosimeters and progeny sensors for one year are summarized in Table 1. The radon concentration varies from 16 ±0.9 Bqm-3 to 50 ±23 Bqm-3 with an arithmetic mean of 30 ±7 Bqm-3 and geometric mean (and geometric standard deviation) of 30 (1.25) Bqm-3, which is less than the lower limit of the action level (200-300Read MoreThe Leading Caus es Of Lung Cancer1350 Words   |  6 Pagescancer is the leading cause of death in women (â€Å"Lung†). Lung cancer can occur at any age, but it occurs primarily between the ages of forty-five and seventy-five (â€Å"Lung†). The four leading causes of lung cancer are smoking cigarettes, exposure to radon, secondhand smoke, and asbestos exposure. The first leading cause of lung cancer is smoking cigarettes. Tobacco contains nicotine, an alkaloid that is addictive and can have both stimulating and tranquilizing psychoactive effects. The smoking of

Intermodal Logistic and Supply Chain management

Question: Discuss about the Intermodal. Answer: Introduction Intermodal logistics is defined as such logistics which facilitates the movement of materials which are contained in the containerized or unitized form of cargo which can be carried through different mode of cargo bearers as per the medium like water, land or air. This concept endorses different type of transport like rail, ships, boats, barges, aircrafts, etc. to name a few of the available mode for this service with the specific qualification of handling containers(Businessdictionary, 2015). Intermodal form of logistics is referred to the movement of cargo from original point of dispatch to destination through several models of transport with the facility of container carrying where every option available for this mode should be with the feature of entity responsible and of different types of transport provider subject to independent contracts. In the process, multiple carriers are being contracted to be utilized for completion of a single journey(Manaadiar, 2013). The Premier of New South Wales had launched the NSW Government Statement on innovation in later part of 2006 which includes development of specific innovation strategy to extend support for the economic growth in NSW with specific emphasis on the industries which are found important to be state economy with best possible potential for innovation. Through this process the industry of freight logistics with the related transaction service was being identified as a significant contributor to the NSW economy which has represented from the range of 9.6% to 14.5% of GDP of Australia. The Department of State and Regional Development has been assigned with the steps to deliver improvements to this segment of industry through applicable innovation policy(Ranasinghe Spoehr, 2013). Challenging environment of freight and logistics sector in NSW There are challenges faced by the freight and logistic sector globally and NSW is not an exception to this concept. There are challenges which are depicted below: Changing pattern of the geography of global economy- This situation is the result of relocation of many manufacturing units for availing market of low cost for different components of supply chain including labor. Longer supply chains- The factors like distance and number of connections are getting increased which are creating issues related to collection and translation of information with subsequent sharing of it with other stakeholders of up and down stream of the supply chain(Transport, 2014) Facing increased level of pressure from customers- Being the market as customer driven, the requirements to shorten the lead time and make the delivery in full on time, continuous effort to reduce cost, and to ensure visibility with transparency. Emerging trend of new distribution models As a result of changing pattern of business model with introduction of E-Commerce to facilitate e-trading through internet, supply chains are facing reverse direction planning which lengthens the supply chain. Enhanced energy costs- Due to global implication of global rise of energy cost, Australia is also facing the heat of this problem, even if the cost of fuel is lower in Australia than that of countries of same status. Shortage of labors with well equipped skills- This is applicable incase of drivers on road and on rail service with proper handling. Increasing requirement on compliance- The demand of industry attracts more information about cargo related to security measures regarding movement and history of the same and other compliance in the fields of regulations in safety and environmental regulation are demanding more improved management with proper monitoring as per requirement(Acilallen, 2014). Growing population of the cities- The result of growing population in the city demands more quantum of freight with the additional constraint of generating more traffic for bigger markets. Traffic congestion and conflict between the users are getting increased in the metro cities due to huge rush of traffic. The problem is getting worsened with the addition of incessant pressure on the infrastructure capacity. Increasing level of awareness in environmental issue- The demand of the industry pulls the need of environmental friendly application which can prove its sustainability for long period to make significant development in the control of green gas emission which can ensure quality of local air and other amenities ad expected from such action(Meyburg, 2003). Key Characteristics of NSW freight logistics industry Freight logistics of NSW is covering all type of logistics pertains to all domestic, import and export movements. This industry contributes estimated percentage of NSW GSP around 11.2%. Some prominent features of the NSW freight logistics industry are comprised of: This industry is consisting of a large numbers of small and middle companies- the total number of businesses in NSW in this sector are almost 29,000 with employment opportunity of less than 2o people; This industry is providing employment of ageing workforce with higher percentage in logistic industry of 45 years which is compared with the general labor averages of prevalent market(Nsw, 2012). The province is relying upon a number of gateways of basic infrastructure like Port Botany, Sydney Airport which denotes that constraints of capacity can play significant role on the NSW economy in overall aspect; Majority of the gateways of infrastructure related to freight logistics of the province which support the industry are marred with constraints of capacity ability as Port of Newcastle is restricted for coal and grain exports, Port Botany with container imports, Port kembla with coal and other products, Railways runs with the priority of passenger carrying defying the growing need of freight paths and Road congestion to restrict the speed of the vehicles specifically around the area of port or airport nearby(Nsw, 2010). Basic requirement of infrastructure for NSW logistics development program for better economy There are certain requirements of infrastructure for better economy of the province with the following highlighted points: The biggest contributor of NSW logistics by volume is domestic coal ands aggregates within the state which represents 62 % of the total business(Nsw, 2012). Second contributor is export bulk by volume of 15% which is comprised of coal and grain with predominance; The third contributor by volume is manufactured goods with inward direction volume of 9% and outward direction by volume of 11% in respect of NSW to other Australian provinces; Last but the least contributor is international import of goods into NSW by 3% of volume although the value contribution is 71% of the total combined import and export of NSW; Air export cargo is contributing 32% of total export value not considering the export of coal. Given below the chart with clarification depicting the above: Factors of Innovation as a tool to improve logistics There are three different instruments which are identified by Australian Bureau of Statistics to enhance the scope of innovation in the field of NSW logistics as new introduction or enhancement of standing services: Goods or services, Operational processes Organizational or managerial processes. It is observed from the analysis of a group of supply chain representative of NSW that the driving forces of innovation are alike to other sectors. There are following factors which are important in this aspect: This market of service industry is based on the concept of price driven economy which provides a major incentive for reduction of cost in the supply chain in order to expand market share(Sakchutchawan, 2013). Infrastructure capacity is a critical component which can be adjusted with the concept of sharing facilities in cooperative mode. Cost of freight is proved to be a vital element of product pricing and major gains can be availed by ensuring mitigation of activities which can not add value from supply chain with reduction of cost and increment of margin. Supply of manpower is critical as where the involvement of high labor is required within the freight logistic assignment; provision of incentive is there to reduce manpower cost by introducing innovative processes and technology. Service delivery is the basic criterion for retention of customer and this is the focal point of priority to have a good number of loyal customer bases who can be retained with quality service in time with perfect invoicing(Lin, 2006). Barriers to innovation There are basic elements constituting barriers to innovation which can affect all organizations with their impact. They are considered as cost, issues related to market with shortage of skills, etc. Apart from them, there are also varieties of factors which are acting as the practical barriers to restrict innovation within the periphery of NSW freight logistics industry. They are grouped in three major types: Limited cooperation- due to the fragmented supply chains which are complex in nature with unsophisticated type of end-users can always roves to be the real barrier to enhance efficiency level. Limited scope of interfacing- Transport operations are considered as provider of competitive edge which can have the ability to protect firms in different markets by working with togetherness by combing transport services ensuring reduction of costs with the significant factors like number of transaction along the supply chain, limited utilization of latest technology and availability of relevant information can also prove to be the barrier to innovation(Roso et al., 2013). Dominance of inefficient organizations- This criterion restricts innovative ideas of entry to new candidates along with long term contracts. Three specific supply chains effective within NSW namely domestic grocery supply, export of coal and grain supply chains are showing their intentions to come out for overcoming these barriers while other supply chains are apparently found to lag with their efforts to come out from this vicious cycle to encourage and welcome innovations basically for presence of large number of barriers which prevent them to apply innovative approaches though leverage of cooperation or clustering into effective type of solutions(Nsw, 2008). Freight and Trade Alliance Freight and Trade Alliance or FTA is the organization which provides solution of innovative ideas in this aspect through their extended services to the exporters, importers, customs brokerage and freight forwarders, depots and intermodal in this aspect. FTA and Australian Peak Shippers Association has a joint tie up regarding these services by providing membership with standard and premium in status, sponsorship packages, e- learning induction program for Sec 77G staff and consultancy services to facilitate knowledge about support chain compliance as per statutory reforms and effective type of integration with supply chain associates. FTA is providing freight and logistic services with necessary knowledge sharing in the field of intermodal type of freight facilities by providing premium membership to the aspirant members(Ftalliance, 2016). Recommendations The recommendations for better type of logistic and freight management related to NSW to promote innovation as a part of their efficient services are as follows: To collect improved standard of additional information or data on the said industry of NSW freight and logistic sector. This effort should emphasize on specific objective with setting of accurate and applicable strategic vision with respective agenda for the next steps with the accumulation of a freight database for Sydney ; To put focus on integrated infrastructure planning to progress in the assigned Auslink project, to make recommendation for Port Botany and give importance to issues regarding Sydney Airport; To extend help for the industry to make it more equipped with information in order to take decision about development of toolkits, analysis of case study and reviews of new products and latest technologies to ensure encouragement of greater take up of best practices of the said industry; To ensure establishment of benchmarking activities for the sector development indicators and programs in order to benchmark the sector to protect from any jurisdiction and industries in order to ensure gauging of the relative success of any actions; Finally it is also recommended to find and assess the requirement for developing more comprehensive level of applicable strategies and policy in order to ensure the most applicable support to targeted supply chains of NSW. Conclusion In perspective of the above discussion, proper path of success in respect of NSW logistics industry is suggested by analyzing the different factors which are mandatorily to be considered for this purpose. The role of government of the province is very important as the infrastructural amenities towards expansion of road and other facilities are to be provided for successful implementation of the scheme of development for the said sector. The need of the moment is to educate and upgrade the knowledge data base of the stakeholders in order to ensure that they will be well equipped with the future course of action related to this proposition of development. This industry is helping numbers of Small Units who are involved in this business and they are instrumental to raise the GDP of Australia with their contribution. References: Acilallen, 2014. The Economic Significance of the Australian Logistics Industry. Brisbane: ACIL Allen Consulting Pty Ltd Austlogistics. Businessdictionary, 2015. Intermodal. [Online] Available at: https://www.businessdictionary.com/definition/intermodal.html [Accessed 21 May 2017]. Ftalliance, 2016. The Australian Peak Shippers' Association (APSA). [Online] Available at: https://www.ftalliance.com.au/news/4274 [Accessed 21 May 2017]. Lin, C.Y., 2006. Factors affecting the innovation in logistics information system for logistics service in Taiwan. Kway Jen: Chang Jung Christan University. Manaadiar, H., 2013. Difference between Intermodal and Multimodal transpo. [Online] Available at: https://shippingandfreightresource.com/difference-between-intermodal-and-multimodal-transport/ [Accessed 21 May 2017]. Meyburg, A., 2003. The Challenges of Freight and Commercial Transport Surveys. [Online] Available at: https://www.emeraldinsight.com/doi/abs/10.1108/9781786359551-026 [Accessed 21 May 2017]. Nsw, 2008. Freight and Logistics Council of NSW Path to Innovation. [Online] Available at: https://www.industry.nsw.gov.au/__data/assets/pdf_file/0004/55381/innovation_freight_logistics_industry_20080630.pdf [Accessed 21 May 2017]. Nsw, 2010. Four Key Supply Chains Opportunities for Innovation. [Online] Available at: https://www.industry.nsw.gov.au/__data/assets/pdf_file/0003/55380/Four_Key_Supply_Chains_Opportunities_for_Innovation_20100407.pdf [Accessed 21 May 2017]. Nsw, 2012. Nsw freight and ports strategy. [Online] Available at: https://www.freight.transport.nsw.gov.au/sites/default/files/uploads/NSW%20Freight%20and%20Ports%20Strategy%20-%20Introduction.pdf [Accessed 21 May 2017]. Nsw, 2012. Transport and logistics in Sydney's great south west. [Online] Available at: www.liverpool.nsw.gov.au/trim/documents?RecordNumber=017944.2016 [Accessed 21 May 20176]. Ranasinghe, R. Spoehr, J., 2013. Age for a Change: Ageing and public sector renewal in the 21ST century. Adelaide: The University of Adelaide The Public Service Association of South Australia. Roso, V., Piquer, S.G. Teraphongphom, N., 2013. Barriers to innovation logistics practices. ISS MLB. Sakchutchawan, S., 2013. Contemporary logistics for competitive advantage: concept and operations. Waynesburg: Waynesburg University. Transport, 2014. NSW Freight Industry and Logistics Sector Demographics. [Online] Available at: https://www.freight.transport.nsw.gov.au/maps-and-statistics/publications/nsw-freight-industry-and-logistics-sector-demographics [Accessed 21 May 2017].

White Tigers Essay Example For Students

White Tigers Essay Tigers are a wonderful species in their own right. They are elegant andgraceful, but at the same time are ready to fight for their right to survive. Today, in a world of destruction and growth, these tigers have tough day to daychallenges they must face that are steadily growing worse as our society growslarger. What challenges do these magnifecent animals have to deal with in orderto remain a species of elegance and grace and not just another history lesson?Is it possible for these tigers to meet these challenges, to adapt to the rapidchanges in their surroundings? Can they overcome these challenges that have beenthrown at them, these challenges that are decreasing their survival and slowlypushing their species to extincintion? White tigers are an endangered speciesand it is said that less than a dozen have been seen in India in about a hundredyears. In fact no sightings have been reported since 1951. This may be causedthat the Royal Bengal tiger population has dropped from 40,000 to 1, 800 in thepast ten years, and as few as 1 in every 10,000 tigers is white (www.cranes.org/whitetigers.com). We will write a custom essay on White Tigers specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now White tigers are neither albinos nor a special species; they differ from thenormally colored tigers by having blue eyes, a pink nose, and creamy white furwith black stripes. Tigers stripes are just like a human fingerprint, meaningthat no two tigers have the same pattern of stripes. White tigers are notusually born from other white tigers. They get their color from double recessiveallele. A Bengal tiger with two normal alleles or one normal or white allele iscolored orange. Only a double dose of the mutant allele results in white tigers,and you can only imagine how often that happens (www.cranes.org/whitetigers.com). The white tiger has long been the focus of human fear and respect for years,because of its powerful muscular body, loud roar and frightening snarl,revealing large sharp teeth, tigers spend all of their time alone (Thapar, 115). Each Tiger has its own territory, which it marks by scratching the barks offtrees, spraying urine, and leaving piles of feces (cavendish, 696). Males areparticularly aggressive toward other males and in some cases fights result indeath of the weaker tiger. Their territories may contain 3 or 4 females, but inmost cases the area extends to over 40 SQ miles (dutemple, 15). Tigers arenocturnal animals and prefer to hunt their food under cover of dense vegetation. They hunt their prey by stalking silently through the trees in a low crouchuntil it is within 66 ft (mcclung, 107). The tiger then bounds forward, knockingits victim over with a swipe of its huge forepaw and pouncing on thevictims back as it falls to the ground (cavendish, 696). Tigers never creep upon their prey in the same direction as the wind is blowing, doing this mayresult in loss of their dinner (morris, 87). Once it has made a kill it thendrags the dead carcas under cover before beginning to feed (Morris, 87). As thetiger eats it will make loud growling and snaraling noises to warn off thepredetors in the area ( Thapar, 52). If for some reason the tiger has to leaveits dinner before it is done eating it will cover the carcas with twigs toensure its meal when it returns (Morris, 88). Tigers need to eat 40 pounds ofmeat a day and will commonly cover up to 12 miles each night in search of prey(McClung, 150). Tigers usually eat deer, young rhinos, baby elephants,domestic animals at near by farms, and occasionaly leapords (Morris, 88). Oncein a while, you know when it is in the moods for a snack with a little flavor toit, it will eat a human being. Although this is much less common than you think,tigers are actually very shy and try to steer clear from humans (Morris, 88). .u3b6b0331f9471fa8d752f9f4bc4045b9 , .u3b6b0331f9471fa8d752f9f4bc4045b9 .postImageUrl , .u3b6b0331f9471fa8d752f9f4bc4045b9 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u3b6b0331f9471fa8d752f9f4bc4045b9 , .u3b6b0331f9471fa8d752f9f4bc4045b9:hover , .u3b6b0331f9471fa8d752f9f4bc4045b9:visited , .u3b6b0331f9471fa8d752f9f4bc4045b9:active { border:0!important; } .u3b6b0331f9471fa8d752f9f4bc4045b9 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u3b6b0331f9471fa8d752f9f4bc4045b9 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u3b6b0331f9471fa8d752f9f4bc4045b9:active , .u3b6b0331f9471fa8d752f9f4bc4045b9:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u3b6b0331f9471fa8d752f9f4bc4045b9 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u3b6b0331f9471fa8d752f9f4bc4045b9 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u3b6b0331f9471fa8d752f9f4bc4045b9 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u3b6b0331f9471fa8d752f9f4bc4045b9 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u3b6b0331f9471fa8d752f9f4bc4045b9:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u3b6b0331f9471fa8d752f9f4bc4045b9 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u3b6b0331f9471fa8d752f9f4bc4045b9 .u3b6b0331f9471fa8d752f9f4bc4045b9-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u3b6b0331f9471fa8d752f9f4bc4045b9:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Cockpit Video Cameras...The Issues EssayOnce a tiger has reached 3 to 4 years old, they are old enough to breed. Tigersusually breed every two to three years, and the female is the one that goeslooking for her mate (McClung, 212). You see even in the animal kingdom femalesstill have to do all the work to make anything happen. That is not relevent butI thought I would put it in here just for kicks. How the female searchs is,she walks around leaving her scents on White Tigers Essay Example For Students White Tigers Essay White TigersEnglish 3White Tigers are a wonderful species in their own right. They are elegant and graceful, but at the same time are ready to fight for their right to survive. Today, in a world of destruction and growth, these tigers have tough day to day challenges they must face that are steadily growing worse as our society grows larger. What challenges do these magnifecent animals have to deal with in order to remain a species of elegance and grace and not just another history lesson? Is it possible for these tigers to meet these challenges, to adapt to the rapid changes in their surroundings? Can they overcome these challenges that have been thrown at them, these challenges that are decreasing their survival and slowly pushing their species to extincintion? White tigers are an endangered species and it is said that less than a dozen have been seen in India in about a hundred years. In fact no sightings have been reported since 1951. This may be caused that the Royal Bengal tiger population has dropped from 40,000 to 1, 800 in the past ten years, and as few as 1 in every 10,000 tigers is white (www. We will write a custom essay on White Tigers specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now cranes.org/whitetigers.com). White tigers are neither albinos nor a special species; they differ from the normally colored tigers by having blue eyes, a pink nose, and creamy white fur with black stripes. Tigers stripes are just like a human fingerprint, meaning that no two tigers have the same pattern of stripes. White tigers are not usually born from other white tigers. They get their color from double recessive allele. A Bengal tiger with two normal alleles or one normal or white allele is colored orange. Only a double dose of the mutant allele results in white tigers, and you can only imagine how often that happens (www.cranes.org/whitetigers.com). The white tiger has long been the focus of human fear and respect for years, because of its powerful muscular body, loud roar and frightening snarl, revealing large sharp teeth, tigers spend all of their time alone (Thapar, 115). Each Tiger has its own territory, which it marks by scratching the barks off trees, spraying urine, and leaving piles of feces (cavendish, 696). Males are particularly aggressive toward other males and in some cases fights result in death of the weaker tiger. Their territories may contain 3 or 4 females, but in most cases the area extends to over 40 SQ miles (dutemple, 15). Tigers are nocturnal animals and prefer to hunt their food under cover of dense vegetation. They hunt their prey by stalking silently through the trees in a low crouch until it is within 66 ft (mcclung, 107). The tiger then bounds forward, knocking its victim over with a swipe of its huge forepaw and pouncing on the victims back as it falls to the ground (cavendish, 696). Tigers never creep up on their prey in the same direction as the wind is blowing, doing this may result in loss of their dinner (morris, 87). Once it has made a kill it then drags the dead carcas under cover before beginning to feed (Morris, 87). As the tiger eats it will make loud growling and snaraling noises to warn off the predetors in the area ( Thapar, 52). If for some reason the tiger has to leave its dinner before it is done eating it will cover the carcas with twigs to ensure its meal when it returns (Morris, 88). Tigers need to eat 40 pounds of meat a day and will commonly cover up to 12 miles each night in search of prey (McClung, 150). .u707aa08340c195439776f69b734b0dfe , .u707aa08340c195439776f69b734b0dfe .postImageUrl , .u707aa08340c195439776f69b734b0dfe .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u707aa08340c195439776f69b734b0dfe , .u707aa08340c195439776f69b734b0dfe:hover , .u707aa08340c195439776f69b734b0dfe:visited , .u707aa08340c195439776f69b734b0dfe:active { border:0!important; } .u707aa08340c195439776f69b734b0dfe .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u707aa08340c195439776f69b734b0dfe { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u707aa08340c195439776f69b734b0dfe:active , .u707aa08340c195439776f69b734b0dfe:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u707aa08340c195439776f69b734b0dfe .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u707aa08340c195439776f69b734b0dfe .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u707aa08340c195439776f69b734b0dfe .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u707aa08340c195439776f69b734b0dfe .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u707aa08340c195439776f69b734b0dfe:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u707aa08340c195439776f69b734b0dfe .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u707aa08340c195439776f69b734b0dfe .u707aa08340c195439776f69b734b0dfe-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u707aa08340c195439776f69b734b0dfe:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Many social changes that were addressed in the 196 Essay Tigers usually eat deer, young rhinos, baby elephants, domestic animals at near by farms, and occasionaly leapords (Morris, 88). Once in a while, you know when it is in the moods for a snack with a little flavor to it, it will eat a human being. Although this is much less common than you think, tigers are actually very shy and try to steer clear from humans (Morris, 88). Once a tiger has reached 3 to 4 years old, they are old enough to breed. Tigers usually breed every two to three years, and the female is the one that goes looking for her mate (McClung, 212). You see even in the animal kingdom females still have to do all the work to make anything happen. That is not relevent but I thought I would put it in here just for kicks. How the female searchs is, she walks around leaving her scents on the bushes and rocks and waits for an interested male to approach her. When the cubs are born, both the male and female go their separate ways, and the female is left with the responsobility of raising the cubs alone. The average time that tigers are pregante is usually, about 108 days after mating till the cubs are born (www.noahsays.com). The female usually has litters of about 3 to 4 cubs, in a special den she has chosen where she feels she is safe. The cubs are blind and weigh about 2.5 pounds at first, and they rely on their mother for everything (www.noahsays. com). The hardest thing for the mother is to keep them safe as she goes off hunting. This is one of the many challenges that the tigers have to face though. They cant just sit in their dens and wait for food to come to them. They have to find it. It is not easy leaving your cubs alone for hours at a time. So when the female goes out hunting she will probably hide them in a cave or in between small crevices in the rocks, where they cant be seen. Although this helps a little to ensure the cubs safety there are large snakes, such as Pythons may still sneak up on the cubs and crush them to death, then swallow them hole. When they get older the mother will try to hide them in clumps of tall grass, although they run into the same problem here as well with the Pythons (Cavendish, 697). Snakes are not the only danger the mother has to worry about. There are also leapords, wild dogs and hyenas are also on the prowl for an easy bite. So the mother must always hurry back as soon as possible (Tharpar, 199). Even still, after all the trouble the mother goes through to save her young, many of the young do become prey. Even before they are old enough to protect themselves, and only about 2 cubs will actually get the chance to become a fully grown white tiger (Morris, 92). It is very important for the mother to keep the cubs fur clean. The mother will spend a lot of time doing this to keep them healthy. The mother must also keep herself clean. Any cuts that she might have gotten hunting are cleaned so she does not get sick and die (DuTemple, 24). If the mother dies The cubs will be left alone and will then quickly starve to death (tharpar, 200). White Tigers are not like most cat species, because they love the water. Especially on hot days they like to lie in the cool waters and relax. When the cubs are old enough the mother brings them to the water hole on a hot day to cool off and play in the water (Tharpar, 200). To ensure their survival in the wild without their mother, their mother will take them hunting with her. However still to young to hunt, they watch their mother eagerly learning as the mother attacks the prey. .u6cc1462c0ca630b546cca272002c6fdc , .u6cc1462c0ca630b546cca272002c6fdc .postImageUrl , .u6cc1462c0ca630b546cca272002c6fdc .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u6cc1462c0ca630b546cca272002c6fdc , .u6cc1462c0ca630b546cca272002c6fdc:hover , .u6cc1462c0ca630b546cca272002c6fdc:visited , .u6cc1462c0ca630b546cca272002c6fdc:active { border:0!important; } .u6cc1462c0ca630b546cca272002c6fdc .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u6cc1462c0ca630b546cca272002c6fdc { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u6cc1462c0ca630b546cca272002c6fdc:active , .u6cc1462c0ca630b546cca272002c6fdc:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u6cc1462c0ca630b546cca272002c6fdc .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u6cc1462c0ca630b546cca272002c6fdc .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u6cc1462c0ca630b546cca272002c6fdc .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u6cc1462c0ca630b546cca272002c6fdc .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u6cc1462c0ca630b546cca272002c6fdc:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u6cc1462c0ca630b546cca272002c6fdc .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u6cc1462c0ca630b546cca272002c6fdc .u6cc1462c0ca630b546cca272002c6fdc-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u6cc1462c0ca630b546cca272002c6fdc:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Reaction to Tuesdays with Morrie Essay When she brings back the kill, they rush out to join her. The cubs learning how to hunt is a key in their survival, dont know how to hunt when the time comes to leave their mother they starve. While they learn the techniques from their mother, the cubs practice theses hunting techniques with each other (Morris, 92). The final stage in their rearing process is when they are about 2 years old the mother will get up and walk away not looking back and never return. For the first time the animals will have to fend for themselves and make their own kills if they want to survive in the jungle (Morris, 92). This is one of the tigers most difficult challenges to face. Going into the jungle alone without their mother by their side. There has been a drastic reduction in the range of the tiger during the 20th century, mainly because of the intense hunting pressure from humans. At one time the tiger was found in Southeast India, Russia, China, and Southeast Asia, but at least 3 out of 8 subspecies of tigers has become extinct since then (www.noahsays.com). The Indian government has made an attempt to conserve remaining tigers. Project Tiger was established in the early 1980s, using 830 sq. kilometers of the Bandipur Forest in Southern India. It was designed for the protection of tigers, but constantly handicapped by the lack of funds, the project has little to show for its efforts. Park officials say Bandipur has 70 tigers now, but many conservationists think that the total is less (www. noahsays.com). Some of the tigers difficulties have resulted from loss of natural habitat, and further loss of their territories will lead to an even bigger drop in their numbers. One of the white tigers greatest threats now are poachers. Poachers want parts to sell for traditional medical substances used in some cultures, and also have found a good market for their skins. Laws to help tigers exist, but they are difficult to enforce when funds arent available to pay for adequate security forces (www.tigertail.com). Bibliographyn/a

Civil War Battle of Stones River

Civil War Battle of Stones River The Battle of Stones River was fought December 31, 1862, to January 2, 1863, during the American Civil War (1861-1865). On the Union side,  Major General William S. Rosecrans  led 43,400 men while Confederate  General Braxton Bragg  led 37,712 men. Background In the wake of the Battle of Perryville on October 8, 1862, Confederate forces under General Braxton Bragg began retreating south from Kentucky. Reinforced by troops under Major General Edmund Kirby Smith, Bragg ultimately halted at Murfreesboro, TN. Renaming his command the Army of Tennessee, he began a massive overhaul of its leadership structure. When complete, the army was divided into two corps under Lieutenant Generals William Hardee and Leonidas Polk. The armys cavalry was led by the young Brigadier General Joseph Wheeler. Though a strategic victory for the Union, Perryville resulted in changes on the Union side as well. Displeased with the slowness of Major General Don Carlos Buell actions following the battle, President Abraham Lincoln relieved him in favor of Major General William S. Rosecrans on October 24. Though warned that inaction would lead to his removal, Rosecrans delayed in Nashville as he organized the Army of the Cumberland and re-trained his cavalry forces. Under pressure from Washington, he finally moved out on December 26. Planning for Battle Moving southeast, Rosecrans advanced in three columns led by Major Generals Thomas Crittenden, George H. Thomas, and Alexander McCook. Rosecrans line of advance was intended as a turning movement against Hardee whose corps was at Triune. Recognizing the danger, Bragg ordered Hardee to rejoin him at Murfreesboro. Approaching the town along the Nashville Turnpike and Nashville Chattanooga Railroad, Union forces arrived on the evening of December 29. The next day, Rosecrans men moved into line two miles northwest of Murfreesboro (Map). Much to Braggs surprise, Union forces did not attack on December 30. For December 31, both commanders developed similar plans calling for a strike against the others right flank. While Rosecrans intended to attack after breakfast, Bragg ordered his men to prepare to advance at dawn. For the assault, he shifted the bulk of Hardees corps to the west side of Stones River where it joined with Polks men. One of Hardees divisions, led by Major General John C. Breckinridge, remained on east side to the north of Murfreesboro. The Union plan called for Crittendens men to cross the river and attack the heights held by Breckinridges men. The Armies Clash While Crittenden was in the north, Thomas men held the Union center and McCooks formed the right flank. As his flank was not anchored on any substantial obstacle, McCook took measures, such as burning additional campfires, to deceive the Confederates as to the size of his command. Despite these measures, McCooks men bore the brunt of the first Confederate assault. Beginning around 6:00 AM on December 31, Hardees men moved forward. Catching the enemy by surprise, they overwhelmed Brigadier General Richard W. Johnsons division before Union resistance began to mount. To Johnsons left, Brigadier General Jefferson C. Davis division held briefly before beginning a fighting retreat to the north. Realizing that McCooks men were not capable of halting the Confederate advance, Rosecrans canceled Crittendens attack at 7:00 AM and began flying around the battlefield directing reinforcements south. Hardees assault was followed by a second Confederate attack led by Polk. Moving forward, Polks men met significantly stiffer resistance from Union forces. Having anticipated an early-morning attack Brigadier General Philip H. Sheridan had taken the necessary precautions. Sheridan Hazen Hold Mounting a vigorous defense, Sheridans men turned back numerous charges by the divisions of Major Generals Jones M. Withers and Patrick Cleburne while holding a small cedar forest that became known as the Slaughter Pen. By 10:00 AM, as Sheridans men battled, the bulk of McCooks command had formed a new line near the Nashville Turnpike. In the retreat, 3,000 men and 28 guns had been captured. Around 11:00 AM, Sheridans men began to run out of ammunition and were compelled to fall back. As Hardee moved to exploit the gap, Union troops worked to plug the line. A bit to the north, Confederate attacks against the brigade of Colonel William B. Hazen were repeatedly turned back. The only part of the original Union line to hold, the rocky, wooded area held by Hazens men became known as Hells Half-Acre. As fighting quieted, the new Union line was essentially perpendicular to its original position. Seeking to complete his victory, Bragg ordered part of Breckinridges division, along with units from Polks corps, to renew the attack on Hazen around 4:00 PM. These assaults were repulsed with heavy losses. Final Actions That night, Rosecrans called a council of war to determine a course of action. Deciding to stay and continue the fight, Rosecrans revived his original plan and ordered Brigadier General Horatio Van Cleves division (led by Colonel Samuel Beatty) to cross the river. While both sides remained in place on New Years Day, Rosecrans rear and supply lines were continuously harassed by Wheelers cavalry. Reports from Wheeler suggested that Union forces were preparing to retreat. Content to let them go, Bragg limited his actions on January 2 to ordering Breckinridge to clear Union forces from the high ground north of town. Though reluctant to attack such a strong position, Breckinridge ordered his men forward around 4:00 PM. Striking Crittenden and Beattys position, they succeeded in pushing some of the Union troops back across McFaddens Ford. In doing so, they ran into 45 guns arrayed by Captain John Mendenhall to cover the river. Taking severe losses, Breckinridges advance was checked and a swift Union counterattack by Brigadier General James Negleys division drove them back. Aftermath of the Battle of Stones River The following morning, Rosecrans was re-supplied and reinforced. Convinced that Rosecrans position would only get stronger and fearful that winter rains would raise the river and split his army, Bragg began retreating around 10:00 PM on January 3. His withdraw eventually halted at Tullahoma, TN. Bloodied, Rosecrans stayed at Murfreesboro and did not attempt a pursuit. Deemed a Union victory, the fighting raised Northern spirits following the recent disaster at the Battle of Fredericksburg. Transforming Murfreesboro into a supply base, Rosecrans remained until embarking on the Tullahoma Campaign the following June. The fighting at Stones River cost Rosecrans 1,730 killed, 7,802 wounded, and 3,717 captured/missing. Confederate losses were slightly less, numbering 1,294 killed, 7,945 wounded, and 1,027 captured/missing. Extremely bloody relative to the numbers engaged (43,400 vs. 37,712), Stones River saw the highest percentage of casualties of any major battle during the war. Following the battle, Bragg was severely criticized by other Confederate leaders. He only retained his post due to President Jefferson Davis inability to find a suitable replacement.

The Definition of Transcendentalist

The Definition of Transcendentalist A Transcendentalist was a follower of an American philosophical movement known as Transcendentalism which emphasized the importance of the individual and was a break from more formalized religions. Transcendentalism flourished from roughly the mid-1830s to the 1860s, and was often viewed as a move toward the spiritual, and thus a break from the increasing materialism of American society at the time. The leading figure of Transcendentalism was the writer and public speaker Ralph Waldo Emerson, who had been a Unitarian minister. The publication of Emerson’s classic essay â€Å"Nature† in September 1836 is often cited as a pivotal event, as the essay expressed some of the central ideas of Transcendentalism. Other figures associated with Transcendentalism include Henry David Thoreau, author of Walden, and Margaret Fuller, an early feminist writer and editor. Transcendentalism was and is difficult to categorize, as it could be viewed as a: Spiritual movementPhilosophical movementLiterary movement Emerson himself provided a fairly open definition in his 1842 essay â€Å"The Transcendentalist†: The Transcendentalist adopts the whole connection of spiritual doctrine. He believes in miracle, in the perpetual openness of the human mind to new influx of light and power; he believes in inspiration, and in ecstasy. He wishes that the spiritual principle should be suffered to demonstrate itself to the end, in all possible applications to the state of man, without the admission of anything unspiritual; that is, anything positive, dogmatic, personal. Thus, the spiritual measure of inspiration is the depth of the thought, and never, who said it? And so he resists all attempts to palm other rules and measures on the spirit than its own. Also Known As: New England Transcendentalists

Fourth Latern Council of 1215 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Fourth Latern Council of 1215 - Essay Example The first Lateran Council was convened during 1123 BC that confirmed the Concordat of Worms. The second Lateran Council was convened during 1139 and formulated several tenets such as invalidation of the clerical marriage, regulation of clerical dress and excommunication of the people who attacked clerics2. The third Lateran Council was convened during 1179 and continued reforms in church with condemnation of simony, limitation of papal  electees  to the  Cardinals  and forbiddance of promotion to  the episcopate  before thirtieth year of the age. The fourth Lateran Council was convened during 1215 and continued with reform measures such as papal primacy, transubstantiation and conduct of clergy.3 The council was also concerned about distinguishing people of other religions such as Muslims and Jews from the Christians in  public area,  and they suggested the differentiation of the dress as a resolution of the issue.   The fifth Lateran Council that was convened during 1512 to 1517 continued with further reform of the Church. The fourth Lateran Council was summoned by Pope Innocent III during 1215 to resolve many issues that concerned Roman Catholic Church. These issues included the disaster at the Crusade wars, to strengthen the faith and continue reforms in the church. 4 Pope Innocent III himself worded the goals of the fourth Lateran Council as the plantation of the virtues, eradication of the vices, reformation of the morals, correction of the faults and removal of heresies. The other goals included the establishment of the peace, settlement of the discord and getting rid of the oppression. He also wanted to persuade Christian people and princes to aid the cause of Crusades. 5 There were many reasons why Pope Innocent III summoned the Fourth Lateran Council. The Christian society and Roman Catholic Church were in considerable turmoil due to moral issues. In addition to

System Analysis and Design 251 Assignment Essay - 2

System Analysis and Design 251 Assignment - Essay Example d information processing provides an insufficient decision support for designing new classes and activities which would meet the the club members’ fitness goals and increase the club’s revenue. For instance, there is no easy way for the management to know which class is most popular among the members and which class contributes the most to the overall revenue generated by the club. To summarize, the current manual club management system is unable to provide an insight into the intricate financial queries that can ascertain the financial costs and identify areas of club’s financial growth. Fitness Club needs an automated information system that ensures information is stored and presented in an organized manner. Furthermore it eases the management routine tasks pertaining to the financial aspects of the organization. Since the main users of the management system are the manager and the administrators, they are the main data inputs sources of the system. The Director, Instructor and Members can not alter the state of data managed by the system. They only get their schedule information or financial reports (generated by the system) through the Administrator/Manager. The system has two active users; the Manager and Administrator, who can alter the state of data. A third passive user is the website visitor, who only views the information the site automatically displays from the company’s data store that the system

Persuasive Writing Essay Example for Free

Persuasive Writing Essay The next type of writing we will do is the persuasive essay. In this essay, you will be working to convince your reader of the rightness of your point of view on a specific topic. As I have already said, in some ways every type of writing is a form of persuasion: you are always trying to make your reader see the correctness of your opinion. In this assignment, however, you will stake out your position on a particular topic and argue forcefully and explicitly in favor of it. As always, you want to state your opinion explicitly in your thesis statement (of course, without saying, â€Å"I think that. . . .†). As always, you also want to pick a topic that is fairly focused, narrow, and specific: pick a topic that you can adequately discuss in four to five paragraphs. I will say it again: it is always better to say a lot about a small topic than to try to say a little bit about many aspects of a large topic. (For those who are counting, that is the 3,248th time I have said that this year.) Use the first paragraph to state and fully explain your thesis. The rest of your essay should then be the marshalling of evidence in support of your thesis statement and an explanation of and commentary on your evidence. Facts are necessary to support your thesis, but by themselves facts are not enough. You need to explain and comment on them fully; show how these facts support your view and not the view of the opposing side. Try to find three or four really strong pieces of evidence to support your opinion. There is no way you can say everything or think of every point; choose the strongest evidence you can. While arguing in favor of your position, you should also include arguments against the opposing view. For example, if I am writing about the wrongness of capital punishment, I should also include arguments showing the wrongness of arguments made in favor capital punishment. Try to anticipate the other side’s arguments. That will show you are thinking and will also strengthen your argument. In general, it is best to work from your weakest to your strongest argument. As usual, conclusions are difficult. End with a strong, powerful concluding paragraph that brings together your various ideas but does not merely restate them. Certainly do not end by saying something like, â€Å"For all these reasons . . . .† I have listed below a few sample thesis statements and a number of possible topics. Please do not be  limited by my suggestions. As with any piece of writing, you will do the best job if you write about something you care about. I will give you a sample essay. Your essay should be 1-2 pages typed or 4-5 sides handwritten, double-spaced either way. The essay is due Tuesday, 30 January. It is worth 100 points. We will work on the essay in class; you can always show me drafts. Do your best. SAMPLE TOPICS the dress code (or, better yet, some more significant and meaningful issue at school!) your allowance or curfew or some other family issue gun control, abortion, capital punishment (or any other political issue) your view on dating or relationships advocating for a particular religious or spiritual practice: for example, meditate everyday the need for more late-night activities for teenagers the war in Iraq of course, anything else you feel strongly about SAMPLE THESIS STATEMENTS Limiting civil liberties is not an appropriate way to keep this country safe from terrorism. Capital punishment is an unjust and immoral way to punish criminals. A vegetarian diet is a sensible and meaningful response to world starvation and environmental destruction. The dress code provides a meaningful way to minimize the economic competition between students and unite them in their common academic purpose. A vegetarian diet is a sensible and meaningful response to world starvation and environmental destruction. So many Americans are often caught up with finding the â€Å"perfect† diet. While such a diet does not exist, a vegetarian diet provides significant health, environmental, and political benefits. Choosing such a diet is a simple but significant way to make a real difference in one’s own life and the world. First of all, a vegetarian diet is far more healthful than the traditional  American diet that emphasizes meat. A meat-free diet is higher in fiber, lower in saturated fat, and richer in a wide range of vitamins and minerals than a meat-based one. While we do hear conflicting evidence about the various health claims of different diets, nutritionists and scientists seem to agree that a diet rich in fruits and vegetables provides the greatest health benefits. Some people might say that a vegetarian diet is boring: quite the contrary. Compared to the relatively few kinds of meats and ways to prepare them, there are scores of vegetables, fruits, grains, and legumes and almost countless ways to prepare them. A meat-based diet also puts far too much protein into the body, taxing the kidneys and wasting expensive food. As it is, Americans eat too much protein; eating a vegetarian diet is one way to reduce our intake of excessive and expensive protein. Eating a diet based on fruits and vegetables also creates less environmental havoc than a meat-based diet. Raising the animals necessary for the traditional meat-laden diet requires large amounts of land, mountains of processed feed, and the disposal of tons of waste. But a family of four could, if necessary, live for a year off the fruits, grains, and vegetables produced from a few acres of land. And, once the crop is taken, there are few or no ill effects. If the agriculture is done organically, vegetarian eating has even fewer harmful effects upon the land. In an age of diminishing arable land and resources and increasing populations, we need to find ways to get the most nutrition from our land use. A vegetarian diet provides such efficiency. Finally, a meat-rich diet consumes many more scarce resources than a vegetarian diet. It takes about 800 pounds of cattle feed to produce one pound of beef. In a world in which nearly one-fourth of the planet’s population is malnourished or starving, a meat-based diet is simply a luxury we can no longer afford (if we ever could have). In good conscience, it only makes sense to eat lower on the food chain – as we do with a plant-based diet. If everyone in the world ate a vegetarian diet, there would be an immediate surplus of food available to feed people at far lower cost and with wiser use of precious resources. In this way, vegetarianism becomes a moral choice. For reasons of politics, environment, health, and justice, vegetarianism is the only intelligent and compassionate choice in a world of scarce resources and increasing population. It may take some getting used to, but the benefits and rewards of a vegetarian diet – for the planet, the self, and the human race – far outweigh whatever minimal sacrifice may be involved. sentence in bold: thesis statement underlined sentences: topic sentences for each paragraph

Free College Essays - Chaos in The Sound and the Fury :: Sound and the Fury Essays

The Sound and the Fury - Chaos A key theme in William Faulkner’s novel The Sound and the Fury is the deterioration of the Compson family. May Brown focuses on this theme and explains that Quentin is the best character to relate the story of a family torn apart by† helplessness, perversion, and selfishness.† In his section, there is a paradoxical mixture of order and chaos which portrays the crumbling world that is the core of this novel. The most important element in Quentin’s section is his obsession with time. To Quentin. time is torturous and destructive. He blames time for his loss of Caddy to sin and hence for his own suffering. Quentin becomes obsessed with avoiding time and attempts to avoid all implements which tell time. When he realizes that he has about as much chance of escaping time as stopping Caddy from losing her virginity, he tries to defeat time by destroying himself Therefore, at the end of his section, he commits suicide. Another significant element to look at in Quentin’s section is his imagery. For one, â€Å"the mirror† constantly creeps up in Quentin’s mind and is a symbol of Quentin’s inability to look at Caddy’s marriage directly. Moreover, Quentin always sees Caddy as â€Å" confined â€Å"in the mirror because this is his illusion of her childhood purity. He cannot accept that she has crossed the threshold into maturity. Doors are another important image in Quentin’s section. They portray Caddy’s actual entry into the world of maturity - a notion which Quentin refuses to accept. Water, as well, is alluded to often. It represents Quentin’s understanding of the knowledge of good and evil which he constantly tries to deny and his obsessions with sex and mortality. It is in water that Quentin finally decides to take his own life. Throughout Quentin’s section there are a number of grammatical errors, unfinished sentences, fragmented thoughts, and repeated phrases. These intentional â€Å"mistakes† are an essential part of Quentin’s narrative. They help depict Quentin’s madness and the confused state which he is in on the day of his suicide. We see from his thoughts and memories that he has become just as cynical and fatalistic as his alcoholic father who says, no battle is ever won.

California Shoshone

California Shoshone are a Native American tribe that lived in central California, along the eastern border, at the base of the Sierra Nevadas. Their location dictated their lifestyle. Their houses were made in a cone shape using slabs of bark or brush. They also had sweathouses that they used to keep their skin clean. The main foods of the California Shoshone were pine nuts. They occasionally hunted buffalo, but relied more on salmon fishing, deer, and small game. as well as roots gathered by the women . Shoshone hunters used bows and arrows. Fishermen used spears, nets, and basket traps. In war, Shoshone men fired their bows or fought with war clubs and buffalo-hide shields. Shoshone women were in charge of the home. Besides cooking and cleaning, a Shoshone woman built her family's tepee and dragged the heavy posts with her whenever they moved. Shoshone men were hunters and warriors, responsible for feeding and defending their families. Only men became Shoshone chiefs, but both men and women took part in storytelling, artwork and music, and traditional medicine. People of the California Shoshone wore rabbit or deer skins when they were available. Shoshone women wore long deerskin dresses with wide sleeves. Shoshone men wore breechcloths and leggings as well as buckskin shirts when the weather was cool. Men and women wore moccasins on their feet. Some other intrest of the Shoshone Indians were bead work, making baskets, and painting. The Shoshone tribe was ruled by a chief. Traditionally, Shoshone people only cut their hair when they were in mourning. Some Shoshones wore facial tatooes and painted their faces for special occasions.. I have learned that California Shoshone had houses, clothes, and food that were available where they lived. They were very fun to learn about.

Cross Culture

Introduction: Introduction Communication is the process by which information is transmitted between individuals and/or organizations so that an understanding response results. Simply we can say, Communication is an exchange of facts, ideas, opinions or emotions by two or more person. The transmission of the sender’s ideas to the receiver and the receiver’s feedback or reaction to the sender constitute the communication cycle. SENDERRECEIVER InputOutput [pic] Feedback Brain drain Brain drain Brain drain Fig- 01: Communication Cycle Culture is an idea in the field of management which describes the psychology, attitudes, experiences, beliefs and values (personal and cultural values) of an organization. Culture is a complex concept. In other words, culture is central to what we see, how we make sense of what we see, and how we express ourselves. Objective of the Report: The Primary Objective of this report is to analysis of cross cultural communication in IBM. The report has accumulated information to know about company’s cross cultural communication, to find out its positive and productive communication in their organization and does the work effectively. Methodology: Sources of data: †¢ Secondary Data: All the data and information are collected from secondary sources. Cross-Cultural Communication: The success of a business depends on its ability to communicate. Communication serves as the medium for instruction, assessment, interpersonal relationships, group interactions and all other interaction that takes place in business. With globalization, business is no longer constrained within the boundaries of a single country. Large business organizations have corporate offices in different parts of the world. They need to communicate in order to promote coordination. Also in multinational companies people from different parts of the world are employed. The way an individual communicates, is influenced by his or her culture. Hence in today’s increasing global economy, it is important for managers and employees at all levels to understand, appreciate, and manage the impact of cross-cultural communication in the workplace. As our world grows, expands and becomes increasingly more interconnected by various technological advances, the need for effective communication among various cultures is increasing. People from different backgrounds tend to perceive information differently. Hence, misinterpretation of information can lead to conflict. Cross cultural communication is of great importance through out the world. Though in our country, due to the lack of cultural diversity, cross cultural communication is not treated with that much importance. But still with the advancement of technology we have to interact with businesspeople in faraway countries and for this we need know about effective techniques of cross cultural communication Definition of Cross-Cultural Communication: To understand cross cultural communication first we need to know what culture is. Culture refers to a group or community with which we share common experiences that shape the way we understand the world. Cross-cultural communication looks at how people, from differing cultural backgrounds, endeavor to communicate. It is more frequently referred to as Intercultural communication. (Ramsey, 1999). Culture refers to all the knowledge and values shared by a society. The word culture is often considered in terms of nationality or one's country of origin. Other more specific distinguishing characteristics of culture are region, orientation, socioeconomic status, gender, sexual orientation and preference, age, marital and parental status. Another approach to understanding the concept of culture involves the beliefs, values and norms that exist to guide an individual's behaviors in solving common problems. Culture is the acquired knowledge people use to interpret experience and generate behavior (Porter, 1991). Culture is the shared customs, beliefs, and social structures that make up a society, including languages, rules, myths, family patterns, and political systems. (Boone et al. 1997). Cross cultural communication is a symbolic, interpretive, transactional, contextual processing tool with which people from different cultures create shared meanings (Berko et al. , 1997). When we speak to someone with whom we share little or no cultural bond, it is referred to as cross cultural communication. Our need to communicate across culture can be very beneficial personally and professionally. Within an intercultural setting, nonverbal and verbal communications are both prevalent in emphasizing the differences in cultures. The way we act and the things we say determine whether or not we belong in a certain culture. Nonverbal communication systems provide information about the meaning associated with the use of space, time, touch and gestures. They help to define the boundaries between the members and nonmembers of a culture (Hofstede, 1991). Hence, Cross Cultural Communication is the communication that takes place among people from different cultures. Cross cultural communication does not only mean face to face communication it includes all forms of written and oral communication. History of Cross-Cultural Communication: The need for Cross-Cultural communication was felt with the spread of global commerce. It is very tough to get the specific date when cross-cultural communication started. Initial initiatives in cross-cultural communication were taken in different countries in different time period. One of the pioneers of the computer industry, IBM started cross cultural communication in 1953. It was introduced by the CEO of that time Thomas J. Watson Jnr. According to Thomas it was the policy of IBM to hire talented people regardless of race, color and background. During 1978-83, the Dutch cultural anthropologist Geert Hofstede conducted detailed interviews with hundreds of IBM employees in 53 countries. Through standard statistical analysis of fairly large data sets, he was able to determine patterns of similarities and differences among the replies. In the year 1991, Geert Hofstede undertook the first global studies on how a specific business culture, at the time one of the most widely distributed companies, interacted with the local cultures of some 39 different countries. Another professional development initiative is IBM’s Shade of blues – a more in-depth program for managers who are engaged in cross-cultural business interactions or have multicultural teams. Recent Research on Cross-Cultural Communication: As people from different cultural groups take on the exciting challenge of working together, cultural values sometimes conflict. We can misunderstand each other, and react in ways that can hinder what are otherwise promising partnerships. Oftentimes, we aren't aware that culture is acting upon us. Sometimes, we are not even aware that we have cultural values or assumptions that are different from others. One of the major barriers in business communication is cultural diversity. Many communication researchers are trying to find out new and effective ways to improve cross cultural communication. In many cases patients face problems with both translation difficulties and not being able to see the type clearly. As a result they are sometimes unable to take their prescriptions correctly. Many of the pharmaceuticals around the world have been trying to solve this problem. Recently they have come up with a tool which can print instructions for taking medicine in 11 different languages on the prescription bottle labels. Patients no longer have to depend on translation from a friend or relative to make sure they are taking their prescriptions correctly. The languages include English, Spanish, French, Arabic, Korean, Chinese, Japanese, Hindi, Polish, Russian or Portuguese. The tool is also equipped to print a 20- point type versus the typical smaller type, for those patients who prefer larger printed labels on the bottle labels to easily identify their medicines and how to take them. On July 6, 2005 Mark Nash, an American entrepreneur created a cross-cultural website created especially for non-resident Indians and offshore call center personnel (Nash, 2005). The website www. intro2america. om was designed to provide information about American culture. It was also designed to provide information to call center personnel who speak with Americans on a daily basis as part of their job responsibilities. The site is designed to make the transition to American lifestyle easier and reduce the difficulties & misunderstandings upon first moving to the States. The site provides useful information, which is related specifically to cross-cultural types of issues. Moving from an Asian culture to a Western culture can be challenging. The site was designed for the specific purpose of easing the transition to American way of life, for those who are moving to the United States (See Appendix for the sample of the website). To serve customers from diversified cultures, they have taken a great deal of effort and time to analyze what their customers around the globe want. To achieve this they are trying to understand their customer’s behavior, cultural and spending patterns when they fly with Malaysia Airlines. The airliner has successfully catered to the demands of wide variety global customers around the world. Application in the work place: IBM, the leading business organization in computer sector, has a huge diverse workforce from the very beginning. They have concentration to manage the cross cultural communication among these employees. Here we have selected IBM’s Australia branch to present as an example of cross cultural environment where employees are working together with their cultural differences. IBM has developed their cross-cultural program based on the legal requirements of Anti- Discrimination Act & Racial Discrimination Act and corporate values. IBM’s policies on cultural diversity are based on years of corporate experience. It is a long-held view that by valuing diversity, it uncovers new perspectives, taps different knowledge and experience and generates innovative ideas, suggestions and methods. Three pillars that are in place to make up IBM’s diversity strategy are: †¢ Creating a work/life balance: Their strategy is to find the average working age of general Australians through statistical findings and fix age limit for average Australians. †¢ Advancement of women: They think women should contribute more to the workplace. So, they encourage participation of women. †¢ Integration of people with a disability: IBM authority thinks that they have a social responsibility for physically and mentally disable people. The authority always tries to create some opportunity of employment for those people. IBM’s most effective diversity programs combine ‘push and pull’ strategies. They have made good headway through company-led, top down practices such as formalized training or policies like floating cultural holidays. However, IBM’s progress comes about through the contributions by individuals who are passionate about diversity issue. Aside from IBM’s diversity team within human resources, three other groups within IBM have formally identified roles in the implementation of the company’s overall diversity strategy. These are IBM’s Diversity Council, diversity contact officers and diversity champions. The Diversity Council The main objective of the IBM’s Diversity Council, is to ensure that the contribution of employees from different background is properly encouraged and valued. Its key objectives are to enhance employee awareness, increase management awareness, and encourage the effective use of IBM’s diverse workforce. This is achieved through personal commitment, regular communication, by gaining support for the program from other IBM managers and influencing decision making. Under the guidance of the Diversity Council, a series of cultural diversity employee roundtables have been held to gather more face-to-face feedback and ideas from staff. These meetings have generated many practical ideas for increasing awareness of cultural diversity within IBM. Professional development IBM has a professional development program. The objective of this program is to ensure that the employees within the organization can identify and remove psychological barriers of diverse workforce and communicate effectively. The main focuses of this program are: †¢ Understanding the cultural bias of each team member and their impact on mutualperceptions. †¢ Determine the reasons why certain behaviors and communication styles fail in somecultures. †¢ Identifying approaches to address cultural gaps that could lead to misunderstandings. †¢ Handling issues about team decision-making, giving or receiving feedback and conflict resolution. Findings: IBM, One of the pioneers of the computer industry started cross cultural communication in 1953. †¢ They think women should contribute more to the workplace. So, they encourage participation of women. †¢ IBM authority thinks that they have a social responsibility for physically and mentally disable people. The authority always tries to create some opportunit y of employment for thosepeople. Recommendations: Considering research and the case of IBM, we have some recommendation here which will decrease discrimination and increase production by making the flow of cross-cultural communication fluent. Those recommendations are as follows: ? IBM should compare their policy for cross cultural communication with others, so that they can get some new ideas to implement in their organization. It will help them to update existing policies as well. ? Not only the HR department of IBM, but also all other employees of the organization should be involved in the process of making cross cultural communication easier. It will help the whole organization to become a good team. ? Training and raising awareness can improve mentality of the employees towards others. They will learn to respect and honor others differences. Place people from different cultures as team leaders. If diverse employees get opportunity to work and share success they will be highly motivated. Discrimination will be dissolved from them and the communication process will work freely. ? A good idea can be to focus different segments one after another so that every segment can achieve expected mentality. This process will form unity and emotion among the employees of the organization. Discrimination will be terminated and the total organization will work as one body. ? Each program introduced in the organization should honor the basic values of the organization. Every program should ensure that none of the employees are discriminated in terms of race, national origin or religion. Conclusion: From the above research we have seen that cultural communication plays a vital role for effective communication for companies around the globe. In our country due to the lack of cultural diversity we do not have to face the problems related to intercultural communication. Many of the successful companies having corporate offices have been able to coordinate their activities through out the world through the successful implementation of cross cultural communication. One of the fore runners in this sector is definitely IBM. IBM has independent division to come up with new policies and strategies to improve cross cultural communication in the workplace. Reference: Boone, L. E. , Kurtz, D. L. , & Block, Judy R. (1997). Contemporary Business Communication (2nd ed. ). Upper Saddle River, New Jersey: Prentince-Hall. 67. Ramsey, James (1999). Available: http://encyclopedia. localcolorart. com/encyclopedia/Cross-cultural_communication/ (July, 17 2005). Carbaugh, D, (1990). Cultural Communication and Intercultural Contact. New York: Pergamon Press. 19. Berko, R. , Rosengeld, L. , & Samovar, L. (1997). Connecting: A Culture Sensitive Approach to Intercultural Communication. Fort Worth, Texas: Harcourt Brace. 121. Porter, R. , and Samovar, L. (1991). Communication Between Cultures. Belmont:NTC Publishing Group. 273. Payne, C. (2001). Culture and Communication. Available: http://www2. mhc. ab. ca/users/cpayne/portfolio/cultcomm/default. htm (July, 29 2005). Appendix [pic] A sample website dedicated to understanding cross-cultural types of issues. [pic] ———————– Idea Letter, Fax, Phone call, E-mail etc. Idea Cross Culture Introduction: Introduction Communication is the process by which information is transmitted between individuals and/or organizations so that an understanding response results. Simply we can say, Communication is an exchange of facts, ideas, opinions or emotions by two or more person. The transmission of the sender’s ideas to the receiver and the receiver’s feedback or reaction to the sender constitute the communication cycle. SENDERRECEIVER InputOutput [pic] Feedback Brain drain Brain drain Brain drain Fig- 01: Communication Cycle Culture is an idea in the field of management which describes the psychology, attitudes, experiences, beliefs and values (personal and cultural values) of an organization. Culture is a complex concept. In other words, culture is central to what we see, how we make sense of what we see, and how we express ourselves. Objective of the Report: The Primary Objective of this report is to analysis of cross cultural communication in IBM. The report has accumulated information to know about company’s cross cultural communication, to find out its positive and productive communication in their organization and does the work effectively. Methodology: Sources of data: †¢ Secondary Data: All the data and information are collected from secondary sources. Cross-Cultural Communication: The success of a business depends on its ability to communicate. Communication serves as the medium for instruction, assessment, interpersonal relationships, group interactions and all other interaction that takes place in business. With globalization, business is no longer constrained within the boundaries of a single country. Large business organizations have corporate offices in different parts of the world. They need to communicate in order to promote coordination. Also in multinational companies people from different parts of the world are employed. The way an individual communicates, is influenced by his or her culture. Hence in today’s increasing global economy, it is important for managers and employees at all levels to understand, appreciate, and manage the impact of cross-cultural communication in the workplace. As our world grows, expands and becomes increasingly more interconnected by various technological advances, the need for effective communication among various cultures is increasing. People from different backgrounds tend to perceive information differently. Hence, misinterpretation of information can lead to conflict. Cross cultural communication is of great importance through out the world. Though in our country, due to the lack of cultural diversity, cross cultural communication is not treated with that much importance. But still with the advancement of technology we have to interact with businesspeople in faraway countries and for this we need know about effective techniques of cross cultural communication Definition of Cross-Cultural Communication: To understand cross cultural communication first we need to know what culture is. Culture refers to a group or community with which we share common experiences that shape the way we understand the world. Cross-cultural communication looks at how people, from differing cultural backgrounds, endeavor to communicate. It is more frequently referred to as Intercultural communication. (Ramsey, 1999). Culture refers to all the knowledge and values shared by a society. The word culture is often considered in terms of nationality or one's country of origin. Other more specific distinguishing characteristics of culture are region, orientation, socioeconomic status, gender, sexual orientation and preference, age, marital and parental status. Another approach to understanding the concept of culture involves the beliefs, values and norms that exist to guide an individual's behaviors in solving common problems. Culture is the acquired knowledge people use to interpret experience and generate behavior (Porter, 1991). Culture is the shared customs, beliefs, and social structures that make up a society, including languages, rules, myths, family patterns, and political systems. (Boone et al. 1997). Cross cultural communication is a symbolic, interpretive, transactional, contextual processing tool with which people from different cultures create shared meanings (Berko et al. , 1997). When we speak to someone with whom we share little or no cultural bond, it is referred to as cross cultural communication. Our need to communicate across culture can be very beneficial personally and professionally. Within an intercultural setting, nonverbal and verbal communications are both prevalent in emphasizing the differences in cultures. The way we act and the things we say determine whether or not we belong in a certain culture. Nonverbal communication systems provide information about the meaning associated with the use of space, time, touch and gestures. They help to define the boundaries between the members and nonmembers of a culture (Hofstede, 1991). Hence, Cross Cultural Communication is the communication that takes place among people from different cultures. Cross cultural communication does not only mean face to face communication it includes all forms of written and oral communication. History of Cross-Cultural Communication: The need for Cross-Cultural communication was felt with the spread of global commerce. It is very tough to get the specific date when cross-cultural communication started. Initial initiatives in cross-cultural communication were taken in different countries in different time period. One of the pioneers of the computer industry, IBM started cross cultural communication in 1953. It was introduced by the CEO of that time Thomas J. Watson Jnr. According to Thomas it was the policy of IBM to hire talented people regardless of race, color and background. During 1978-83, the Dutch cultural anthropologist Geert Hofstede conducted detailed interviews with hundreds of IBM employees in 53 countries. Through standard statistical analysis of fairly large data sets, he was able to determine patterns of similarities and differences among the replies. In the year 1991, Geert Hofstede undertook the first global studies on how a specific business culture, at the time one of the most widely distributed companies, interacted with the local cultures of some 39 different countries. Another professional development initiative is IBM’s Shade of blues – a more in-depth program for managers who are engaged in cross-cultural business interactions or have multicultural teams. Recent Research on Cross-Cultural Communication: As people from different cultural groups take on the exciting challenge of working together, cultural values sometimes conflict. We can misunderstand each other, and react in ways that can hinder what are otherwise promising partnerships. Oftentimes, we aren't aware that culture is acting upon us. Sometimes, we are not even aware that we have cultural values or assumptions that are different from others. One of the major barriers in business communication is cultural diversity. Many communication researchers are trying to find out new and effective ways to improve cross cultural communication. In many cases patients face problems with both translation difficulties and not being able to see the type clearly. As a result they are sometimes unable to take their prescriptions correctly. Many of the pharmaceuticals around the world have been trying to solve this problem. Recently they have come up with a tool which can print instructions for taking medicine in 11 different languages on the prescription bottle labels. Patients no longer have to depend on translation from a friend or relative to make sure they are taking their prescriptions correctly. The languages include English, Spanish, French, Arabic, Korean, Chinese, Japanese, Hindi, Polish, Russian or Portuguese. The tool is also equipped to print a 20- point type versus the typical smaller type, for those patients who prefer larger printed labels on the bottle labels to easily identify their medicines and how to take them. On July 6, 2005 Mark Nash, an American entrepreneur created a cross-cultural website created especially for non-resident Indians and offshore call center personnel (Nash, 2005). The website www. intro2america. om was designed to provide information about American culture. It was also designed to provide information to call center personnel who speak with Americans on a daily basis as part of their job responsibilities. The site is designed to make the transition to American lifestyle easier and reduce the difficulties & misunderstandings upon first moving to the States. The site provides useful information, which is related specifically to cross-cultural types of issues. Moving from an Asian culture to a Western culture can be challenging. The site was designed for the specific purpose of easing the transition to American way of life, for those who are moving to the United States (See Appendix for the sample of the website). To serve customers from diversified cultures, they have taken a great deal of effort and time to analyze what their customers around the globe want. To achieve this they are trying to understand their customer’s behavior, cultural and spending patterns when they fly with Malaysia Airlines. The airliner has successfully catered to the demands of wide variety global customers around the world. Application in the work place: IBM, the leading business organization in computer sector, has a huge diverse workforce from the very beginning. They have concentration to manage the cross cultural communication among these employees. Here we have selected IBM’s Australia branch to present as an example of cross cultural environment where employees are working together with their cultural differences. IBM has developed their cross-cultural program based on the legal requirements of Anti- Discrimination Act & Racial Discrimination Act and corporate values. IBM’s policies on cultural diversity are based on years of corporate experience. It is a long-held view that by valuing diversity, it uncovers new perspectives, taps different knowledge and experience and generates innovative ideas, suggestions and methods. Three pillars that are in place to make up IBM’s diversity strategy are: †¢ Creating a work/life balance: Their strategy is to find the average working age of general Australians through statistical findings and fix age limit for average Australians. †¢ Advancement of women: They think women should contribute more to the workplace. So, they encourage participation of women. †¢ Integration of people with a disability: IBM authority thinks that they have a social responsibility for physically and mentally disable people. The authority always tries to create some opportunity of employment for those people. IBM’s most effective diversity programs combine ‘push and pull’ strategies. They have made good headway through company-led, top down practices such as formalized training or policies like floating cultural holidays. However, IBM’s progress comes about through the contributions by individuals who are passionate about diversity issue. Aside from IBM’s diversity team within human resources, three other groups within IBM have formally identified roles in the implementation of the company’s overall diversity strategy. These are IBM’s Diversity Council, diversity contact officers and diversity champions. The Diversity Council The main objective of the IBM’s Diversity Council, is to ensure that the contribution of employees from different background is properly encouraged and valued. Its key objectives are to enhance employee awareness, increase management awareness, and encourage the effective use of IBM’s diverse workforce. This is achieved through personal commitment, regular communication, by gaining support for the program from other IBM managers and influencing decision making. Under the guidance of the Diversity Council, a series of cultural diversity employee roundtables have been held to gather more face-to-face feedback and ideas from staff. These meetings have generated many practical ideas for increasing awareness of cultural diversity within IBM. Professional development IBM has a professional development program. The objective of this program is to ensure that the employees within the organization can identify and remove psychological barriers of diverse workforce and communicate effectively. The main focuses of this program are: †¢ Understanding the cultural bias of each team member and their impact on mutualperceptions. †¢ Determine the reasons why certain behaviors and communication styles fail in somecultures. †¢ Identifying approaches to address cultural gaps that could lead to misunderstandings. †¢ Handling issues about team decision-making, giving or receiving feedback and conflict resolution. Findings: IBM, One of the pioneers of the computer industry started cross cultural communication in 1953. †¢ They think women should contribute more to the workplace. So, they encourage participation of women. †¢ IBM authority thinks that they have a social responsibility for physically and mentally disable people. The authority always tries to create some opportunit y of employment for thosepeople. Recommendations: Considering research and the case of IBM, we have some recommendation here which will decrease discrimination and increase production by making the flow of cross-cultural communication fluent. Those recommendations are as follows: ? IBM should compare their policy for cross cultural communication with others, so that they can get some new ideas to implement in their organization. It will help them to update existing policies as well. ? Not only the HR department of IBM, but also all other employees of the organization should be involved in the process of making cross cultural communication easier. It will help the whole organization to become a good team. ? Training and raising awareness can improve mentality of the employees towards others. They will learn to respect and honor others differences. Place people from different cultures as team leaders. If diverse employees get opportunity to work and share success they will be highly motivated. Discrimination will be dissolved from them and the communication process will work freely. ? A good idea can be to focus different segments one after another so that every segment can achieve expected mentality. This process will form unity and emotion among the employees of the organization. Discrimination will be terminated and the total organization will work as one body. ? Each program introduced in the organization should honor the basic values of the organization. Every program should ensure that none of the employees are discriminated in terms of race, national origin or religion. Conclusion: From the above research we have seen that cultural communication plays a vital role for effective communication for companies around the globe. In our country due to the lack of cultural diversity we do not have to face the problems related to intercultural communication. Many of the successful companies having corporate offices have been able to coordinate their activities through out the world through the successful implementation of cross cultural communication. One of the fore runners in this sector is definitely IBM. IBM has independent division to come up with new policies and strategies to improve cross cultural communication in the workplace. Reference: Boone, L. E. , Kurtz, D. L. , & Block, Judy R. (1997). Contemporary Business Communication (2nd ed. ). Upper Saddle River, New Jersey: Prentince-Hall. 67. Ramsey, James (1999). Available: http://encyclopedia. localcolorart. com/encyclopedia/Cross-cultural_communication/ (July, 17 2005). Carbaugh, D, (1990). Cultural Communication and Intercultural Contact. New York: Pergamon Press. 19. Berko, R. , Rosengeld, L. , & Samovar, L. (1997). Connecting: A Culture Sensitive Approach to Intercultural Communication. Fort Worth, Texas: Harcourt Brace. 121. Porter, R. , and Samovar, L. (1991). Communication Between Cultures. Belmont:NTC Publishing Group. 273. Payne, C. (2001). Culture and Communication. Available: http://www2. mhc. ab. ca/users/cpayne/portfolio/cultcomm/default. htm (July, 29 2005). Appendix [pic] A sample website dedicated to understanding cross-cultural types of issues. [pic] ———————– Idea Letter, Fax, Phone call, E-mail etc. Idea